Abstract

Significance In recent years， titanium carbonitride （Ti（C，N））-based cermets have attracted extensive attention due to their combination of metallic and ceramic properties， as well as their excellent wear resistance and chemical stability. The quality of Ti（C，N） powder directly affects the microstructure and properties of Ti（C，N）-based cermets. To better understand the physicochemical properties and preparation techniques of Ti（C，N） powder， this paper reviews and comparatively analyzes different preparation techniques， and summarizes the application fields and current status of Ti（C，N） powder. Finally， the prospects and development trends are discussed.

Progress This paper reviews the physicochemical properties and preparation techniques of Ti（C，N） powder， including mechanical alloying， ammoniation， carbothermal reduction nitridation， and sol-gel synthesis. It specifically describes the microstructure and particle size of Ti（C，N） powder obtained by each preparation technique， and elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The mechanical alloying method features a simple process and can prepare nanoscale powders （<100 nm）， making it suitable for laboratory research. However， it is susceptible to impurities and incomplete reactions， which can reduce powder purity. These issues can be mitigated through inert-gas protection or the addition of process control agents （PCA）. The carbothermal reduction nitridation method reduces nitriding temperatures but generates pollution and produces lower-purity products. The sol-gel method can produce materials with exceptional purity， fine particle sizes， high hardness， and good thermal conductivity. However， the process is time-consuming， costly， and requires precise parameter control， while toxic organic solvents pose additional risks. The paper also summarizes the current applications of Ti（C，N） powder in fields such as cutting tools， wear-resistant components， and corrosion-resistant coatings.

Conclusions and Prospects Preparation techniques of Ti（C，N） powder have evolved into a variety of mature processes such as mechanical alloying， ammoniation， carbothermal reduction nitridation， sol-gel method， and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. Each methods have its own advantages and disadvantages. Mechanical alloying method has a simple process and is suitable for mass production， but it is susceptible to impurities and results in poor uniformity of powder morphology. Carbothermal reduction nitridation method is cost-effective and has the greatest industrialization potential， although its high synthesis temperature can lead to abnormal grain growth. The sol-gel method can produce ultrafine powders with uniform composition and fineparticle sizes， but its complicated process， susceptibility to powder agglomeration， and difficulties in industrial scale-up limit broader applications. In recent years， the preparation techniques of Ti（C，N） powder have gradually developed toward low-cost， nanoscale， and environmentally friendly approaches. However， these techniques are generally still at the laboratory stage and require more in-depth and systematic research. Further advances in the preparation techniques of Ti（C，N） powder will facilitate its application in cutting-edge fields such as new energy and biomedicine， while further enhancing its performance under extreme environments.

Keywords：metal ceramic; titanium carbonitride; mechanical alloying; carbothermal reduction and nitridation

Get Citation: Liu Chao， Dong Tao， Zhang Ren， et al. Research progress on preparation and applications of titanium carbonitride powder［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（4）： 1-10.

Received: 2025-12-30, Revised: 2026-05-20, Online: 2026-06-04.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.04.005

CLC No.：TB44

Type Code: A

Serial No.：1008-5548（2026）04-0001-10