HU Xiaoran，JIANG Longtai，YAO Jianwen，CHEN Junsong
School of Materials and Energy， University of Electronic Science and Technology of China， Chengdu 610000， China
Significance This review summarizes methods for enhancing the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) powder through strategies such as chemical copolymerization and physical blending, and discusses the application fields of flexible wearable sensor devices fabricated from the modified powder.
Progress PVDF with piezoelectric properties enables the mutual conversion of mechanical and electrical signals. Its unique structural flexibility allows it to conform to the dynamic curvature of human skin, enabling the detection of physiological signals and demonstrating great potential in wearable electronics. However, its relatively low piezoelectric coefficient d33 results in low sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio in wearable devices. Therefore, researchers have focused on improving the d33 of PVDF powder by introducing specific monomers via chemical copolymerization or incorporating piezoelectric ceramics and nanofillers via physical blending. Furthermore, the introduction of functional fillers not only improves the piezoelectric performance of PVDF but also endows the composites with enhanced flexibility, antibacterial properties, and electromagnetic shielding capability.
Conclusions and Prospects Currently, the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of PVDF powder is primarily improved through chemical copolymerization and physical blending. In chemical copolymerization, vinylidene fluoride is mainly copolymerized with monomers such as trifluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene, where steric hindrance is utilized to promote dipole orientation, thereby increasing d33. In physical blending, nanoparticles or ceramic powders with high d33, such as BaTiO3, PZT, and ZnO, are introduced into the PVDF matrix to enhance the d33 of PVDF powder. Additionally, processes such as 3D printing, electrospinning, and high-voltage poling can further improve the d33 of PVDF powder. With the increase in d33, PVDF-based multimodal flexible wearable sensors exhibit considerable potential in motion monitoring, health management, and related fields.
Keywords：polyvinylidene fluoride; flexible wearable sensor; doping modification; composites; piezoelectric coefficient d33
Get Citation: HU Xiaoran， JIANG Longtai， YAO Jianwen， et al. Modification methods of polyvinylidene fluoride-based piezoelectric powder and its application in flexible wearable sensor devices［J］. China Powder Science and Technology，2026，32（1）：1−10.
Received: 2024-12-23, Revised: 2025-12-15, Online: 2025-12-25.
Funding:The research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFB2401902) and the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2024NSFSC0252).
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.01.002
CLC No:TP212；TB332 Type Code: A
Serial No:1008-5548（2026）01-0001-10
