WU Yucheng 1a，1b，1c， ZHU Xiaoyong1a，1b，1c， TANG Junyu1a， CHEN Yu1a， YAO Gang2，
LUO Laima1 a，1b，1c， LIU Jiaqin3，4
1a. School of Materials Science and Engineering， 1b. Engineering Research Center of High-Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing， Ministry of Education， 1c. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology， Hefei University of Technology， Hefei 230009， China；
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering， Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology， Baotou 014010， China；
3. Engineering Research Center of Design and Manufacture of Advanced Composites of Anhui Province， Hefei 230050， China；
4. College of Chemistry， Beijing University of Chemical Technology， Beijing 100008， China
Abstract
Significance Tungsten （W）-based composite powders play a crucial role in various high-tech fields such as aerospace， nuclear energy， and microelectronics due to tungsten's excellent properties， including high melting point， high density， and good thermal conductivity. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the research status of the preparation technologies of W-based composite powders and analyze their characteristics and existing problems， thereby providing a reference for the development of high-performance W-based materials.
Progress In the preparation of second-phase particle-doped W-based composite powders for fusion devices， mechanical ball milling is commonly employed. However， mechanical ball milling has certain drawbacks. Prolonged high-energy milling can lead to wear of the milling jar liner and balls， resulting in contamination of the composite powders. Moreover， extended milling time increases the surface energy of the powders， which accelerates sintering neck formation and excessive grain growth during sintering. Chemical methods for preparing second-phase particle-doped W-based composite powders mainly include solid-liquid doping and liquid-liquid doping. Solid-liquid doping is typically applied in carbide dispersion strengthened （CDS） W materials but faces challenges due to the reaction between carbides with oxygen during sintering. In contrast， liquid-liquid doping is commonly used for oxide dispersion-strengthened （ODS） W materials. In recent years， various chemical methods have been developed， such as wet chemical methods， sol-gel processes， freeze-drying， and hydrothermal methods. Although these chemical methods can produce ODS-W-based composite powders with excellent microstructures， environmental concerns regarding ammonia and nitrogen oxides must be addressed in large-scale production. For W-rhenium （Re） alloy powders designed for high-end equipment， the primary goal is to achieve a uniform solid solution distribution of W and Re. Mechanical methods still struggle with uneven alloying. Mixed methods， including solid-solid and solid-liquid doping， are widely used. Among these， solid-liquid doping can achieve better dispersion and more uniform distribution of W and Re compared to solid-solid doping. However， for W powders with high Re content， uniformity remains insufficient. Chemical methods using ammonium metatungstate and ammonium perrhenate as raw materials， in combination with processes such as co-precipitation， sol-gel， and spray drying， are gradually emerging as new approaches to prepare uniform， ultrafine W-Re alloy powders. However， due to the differing reduction characteristics of W and Re powders， issues of compositional uniformity persist. In the preparation of W-copper （Cu） composite powders， both mechanical and chemical methods are employed to enhance the sintering activity. However， mechanical alloying often leads to severe powder agglomeration and introduces impurities such as manganese and iron， adversely affecting the conductivity and thermal conductivity of W-Cu composites. Chemical methods， including electroless plating， sol-gel processes， co-precipitation， and wet chemical methods， can effectively improve sintering activity. Subsequent studies have shown that the addition of silver can enhance the density and performance of W-Cu composites. Overall， each method for preparing W-based composite powders has their advantages and disadvantages.
Conclusions and Prospects In summary， current preparation methods for W-based composite powders exhibit distinct advantages and disadvantages. Future research should focus on optimizing preparation processes to enhance powder quality and performance. For second-phase particle-doped W-based composite powders， the exploration of more environmentally friendly chemical methods and better control over second-phase particle distribution is essential. For W-Re alloy powders， addressing component uniformity， particularly in high-Re content powders， is crucial. In the preparation of W-Cu composite powders， efforts should be directed toward improving plating quality in chemical methods and minimizing impurities in mechanical methods. With the continuous development of related industries， the demand for high-performance W-based materials is expected to grow， indicating broad prospects for research in W-based composite powder preparation technologies.
Keywords： tungsten-based powder； nuclear fusion device； second-phase particle-doped tungsten-rhenium alloy； tungsten-copper alloy
Funding： The research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFE03140001, 2022YFE031
40004, 2022YFE03030003, 2019YFE03120002, and 2017YFE03000604), the Key International (Regional) Joint Research Program of China (Grant No. 52020105014), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51474083, 51672065 and 52501045), and the national project of the Base for Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities in Clean Energy and New Materials (Grant No. B18018).
Get Citation:
WU Yucheng， ZHU Xiaoyong， TANG Junyu， et al. Research progress on preparation and properties of high-temperature resistant tungsten-based composite powders［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（2）： 1-17.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.02.005
Received:2024-09-20， Revised: 2025-11-27，Online: 2025-12-18。
Funding： The research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2022YFE03140001, 2022YFE031
40004, 2022YFE03030003, 2019YFE03120002, and 2017YFE03000604), the Key International (Regional) Joint Research Program of China (Grant No. 52020105014), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51474083, 51672065 and 52501045), and the national project of the Base for Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities in Clean Energy and New Materials (Grant No. B18018).
CLC No:TG142.71； TB4 Type Code: A
Serial No:1008-5548（2026）02-0001-17
