摘要：主要介绍近年来生物气溶胶在分子生物学方面的研究进展。蛋白质气溶胶可以作为一种呼吸道疾病治疗药物和免疫源，因此如何释放蛋白质气溶胶并保持蛋白质活性是关键。基因治疗和基因免疫也是近年刚兴起的一个研究领域，质粒ＤＮＡ的气溶胶化技术和呼吸道吸入后的转染及表达研究，是呼吸道粘膜免疫和疾病治疗的重点。在生物气溶胶检测方面，近年也引进了多聚酶链反应技术，从而大大提高了检测的敏感性和空气传播的致病微生物的检测速度。

关键词：气溶胶;蛋白质;质粒DNA;多聚酶链反应;

Abstract：The current advance in molecular biology of bioaerosol is mainly introduced．The aerosols of proteins may be as a therapeutic drug for treating respiratory tract diseases and a vaccine antigen for introducing immunity of the respiratory tract mucous membrane．Aerosols that how to drive respirable-sized funcitional proteins and maintaining proteins activity are a key．T herapeutic DNA molecules and gene immunity are a new research field．T he technology for aerosolized DNA plasmid and transformation and expression after inhalation are of great interest．The PCR technique has potential for use in detection of low concentrations of bioaerosols．T he sensitivity of PCR assay is higher than other assay．So PCR assay for detecting airborne microorganisms is rapid and sensitive and can be used as an alternative method for air quality monitoring．

Key words：aerosol；protein；therapeutic DNA；polymerase chain reaction