摘要：以聚乙烯醇、钙基蒙脱石为原料,通过溶液插层、碳化和气流粉碎工艺和技术制备碳-蒙脱石二维纳米粉体。物相和粒径分析结果表明:在钙基蒙脱石、聚乙烯醇、水的质量比为5∶5∶90的反应体系中,获得层间距d(001)=2.11 nm的聚乙烯醇-蒙脱石插层型复合粉体;400℃碳化该复合粉体获得具有三明治结构特征的碳-蒙脱石复合粉体(d(001)=1.56 nm);将碳-蒙脱石复合粉体气流粉碎可得含碳质量分数为6%左右,平均片径约为2μm,厚度小于30 nm的碳-蒙脱石二维纳米粉体,以管状、单片和多片层堆积等形态存在于体系中。通过梯度离心分离法可以提取不同片径的碳-蒙脱石二维纳米复合粉体。

关键词：二维纳米粉体；气流粉碎；钙基蒙脱石；梯度离心

Abstract：The preparation of montmorillonite-polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) nano-composite particles and formation of corresponding carbonmontmorillonite nano-composite particles with nano-sheet and nano-tube structures were investigated.The montmorillonite-PVA nano-composite particles were prepared by solution intercalation combined with ultrasonic radiation and mechanical stirring.The results show that the nano-composite particles with d(001)=2.11 nm are successfully obtained with optimum mass ratio of montmorillonite,PVA and H2O(5∶ 5∶ 90).The carbon-montmorillonite nano-composite particles(d(001)=1.56 nm) with sandwich structure are prepared by carbonizing montmorillonite-PVA nano-composite particles at 400 ℃,and carbon-montmorillonite nano-sheets or nano-tubes with carbon mass fraction of 6% are obtained by exfoliating sandwich-like composites by airflow pulverization.The average diameter and thickness of the carbon-montmorillonite nano-sheets is about 2 μm and 30 nm,respectively.Different tablet diameter of carbon-montmorillonite two-dimensional nano-particles can be extracted by gradient centrifugation.

Keywords：two-dimensional nano-composite particles;airflow pulverization;Ca-montmorillonite;gradient centrifugation