摘要：为了探讨陕西省榆林市冬季大气颗粒物的污染特征,2013年11月对榆林市3个采样点进行可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)和细颗粒物(PM_2.5)同步观测,利用离子色谱法和热光分析法测定PM₁₀和PM_2.5中无机水溶性离子和碳组分的浓度。结果表明:3个采样点PM₁₀和PM_2.5日均质量浓度分别为162、74μg/m³,颗粒物浓度由大到小的采样点为环保旧站、实验中学和环保大厦;PM₁₀中有机碳和元素碳的质量浓度空间分布与颗粒物的相同;PM_2.5中有碳组分在环保旧站和实验中学的浓度接近,都大于环保大厦的;无机离子中SO₄^2-和Ca²⁺浓度最大;PM₁₀与PM_2.5整体偏碱性,亏损的阴离子主要是CO₃^2-;扬尘在PM₁₀中的比例远远大于其他组分;PM_2.5中碳组分含量较大,其次是土壤尘、硫酸盐、氯化物和硝酸盐等;治理PM₁₀和PM_2.5污染应以加强扬尘控制和减少燃煤污染物排放为主。

关键词：可吸入颗粒物(PM₁₀)；细颗粒物(PM_2.5)；水溶性无机离子；有机碳；元素碳

Abstract： To discuss the pollution characteristics of ambient particles in winter in Yulin , Shaanxi , inhalable particulate matter ( PM₁₀ ) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) samples were observed simultaneously at three sampling sites in Yulin in November , 2013 . Concentrations of water-soluble irons and carbonaceous components were measured by ion chromatography and thermal-optical reflection. The results show that the average daily mass concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 at the three sampling sites are 162 and 74 μg/m³ . The order of sampling sites with concentrations of particulate matters from large to small is Huanbao Old Station , Shiyan Middle School , and Huanbao Building. The mass concentrations spatial distribution of organic carbon a nd elemental carbon in PM10 is similar with that of the particulate matters. Concentrations of carbonaceous species in PM_2.5 at Huanbao Old Station and Shiyan Middle School are at the same level, which are higher than those in Huanbao Building. SO₄^2- and Ca²⁺ are the major ions in PM₁₀and PM_2.5. PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 are alkaline in general, and the lost anion is mainly CO₃^2-. Dust is more abundance in comparison with other fractions in PM₁₀. Organic matter is the most abundance compounds in PM_2.5, followed by soil dust, SO₄^2-, chloride, and NO₃^-. Controlling dust and reducing coal emissions should be major measurements to control PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. 

Keywords: inhalable particulate matter(PM₁₀); fine particulate matter (PM_2.5); water-soluble ions; organic carbon; elemental carbon