高忠林1， 谢焓1， 高航2， 宇文超3， 邢飞4， 葛宗文1， 朱宏政1
1.安徽理工大学 材料科学与工程学院， 安徽 淮南 232001；
2.中煤（天津）设计工程有限公司， 天津 300120；
3.兖矿能源集团股份有限公司， 山东 济南 250014；
4.新汶矿业集团有限责任公司， 山东 泰安 271219
引用格式：
高忠林， 谢焓， 高航， 等. 双频脉动流化床流化特性与颗粒运动行为数值模拟［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（4）： 54-62.
Gao Zhonglin， Xie Han， Gao Hang， et al. Numerical simulation of fluidization characteristics and particle motion behavior in a dual-frequency pulsating fluidized bed［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（4）： 54-62.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.04.003
收稿日期： 2025-12-01， 修回日期： 2026-05-25，上线日期： 2026-06-16。
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52304279；安徽理工大学引进人才基金项目，编号：2023yjrc05。
第一作者：高忠林（1993—），男，讲师，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为干法分选。E-mail：zlgao2022@163.com。
通信作者：高航（1995—），男，工程师，硕士，研究方向为煤炭清洁高效利用。E-mail：gaohang1019@163.com。
摘要：【目的】解决单频脉冲气流作用下矿物分选床层存在流化不均匀、局部颗粒返混加剧、分选精度下降且能耗偏高的问题，优化床层流化状态，提升分选调控精度，降低运行能耗。【方法】以干法分选流化床为研究对象，设计低频与高频叠加的双频脉动气流方案，基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法开展数值模拟；设置磁铁矿粉为流化介质、以粒径为1 mm的煤炭与矸石为分选物料，对比无脉动、单频脉动、双频脉动3种工况；推导双频脉动速度场公式，建立临界频率、最优振幅及振幅比的确定方法；从床层平均粒度分布、床层颗粒密度分布、矿物颗粒分层3个方面，系统分析流化特性差异。【结果】双频脉动可有效激活床层活性，促进粗细颗粒均匀混合；脉动能量对床层颗粒密度无显著影响，但双频脉动下轴向颗粒密度波动标准差较其余工况减小，密度分布更均匀，且能加快待分选矿物分层速率，提升分层充分度。【结论】通过高低频气流非线性耦合，可有效弥补单频脉动缺陷，实现分选密度动态调控精度提升与能耗降低。
关键词：干法分选；流化床；双频脉动；颗粒密度；流化特性
Abstract
Objective To address the problems associated with mineral separation beds under single-frequency pulsed airflow， including non-uniform fluidization， aggravated local particle back-mixing， reduced separation accuracy， and high energy consumption， as well as the shortcomings of the traditional steady-state air dense medium fluidized bed， i.e.， large bed density gradients and severe back-mixing of fine particles， a dual-frequency pulsating airflow design is proposed. Through the nonlinear coupling of high- and low-frequency airflow， the design optimizes bed fluidization state， aiming to improve the dynamic regulation accuracy of separation density and reduce operational energy consumption.
Methods A method combining numerical simulations of computational particle fluid dynamics and theoretical derivation was adopted. Based on the Barracuda software and the Euler-Lagrange method， the Wen-Yu drag model was adopted to construct a cuboid fluidized bed model with dimensions of 0.3 m×0.3 m×0.6 m. Magnetite powder was used as the fluidizing medium， and coal and gangue of 1 mm particle size were used as the material for separation. The fluidization characteristics under three airflow conditions （non-pulsation， 4 Hz single-frequency pulsation， and 4 Hz+20 Hz dual-frequency coupled pulsation） were compared. The expression of the dual-frequency pulsating velocity field was derived. A method for determining the critical frequency based on equivalent relaxation time was established， and the principle of amplitude optimization and a model determining the optimal amplitude ratio based on the separation potential difference were established.
Results and Discussion The results showed that dual-frequency pulsation effectively increased bed activity， reduced particle size segregation between coarse and fine particles， and improved particle mixing uniformity. Pulsation energy had no significant effect on the overall average bed density. However， under dual-frequency pulsation， the standard deviation of axial particle density fluctuations decreased by approximately 32 compared with other conditions. Meanwhile， the axial static pressure gradient decreased， resulting in a more uniform density distribution. During the mineral stratification process， dual-frequency pulsation accelerated the directional settling rate of the minerals to be separated. Within 50 s， the gangue penetration amount approached 0.045 kg， which was higher than 0.01 kg under the non-pulsation condition and 0.025 kg under the single-frequency pulsation condition， indicating better stratification sufficiency.
Conclusion The nonlinear coupling of high- and low-frequency airflow can effectively compensate for the limitations of single-frequency pulsation and alleviate the particle segregation problem in traditional fluidization by exciting high-order vortex structures in the bed. Dual-frequency pulsation does not change the macroscopic average density of the bed， but it can make the density distribution more uniform along the bed height， providing a more stable environment for the density-sensitive separation process. At the same time， it accelerates the process of density-based particle separation， improves product recovery efficiency， and achieves higher dynamic regulation accuracy of separation density and lower energy consumption. This can provide a reference for subsequent research on the dynamic control of gas-solid two-phase flow and dry beneficiation of complex minerals.
Keywords： dry beneficiation； fluidized bed； dual-frequency pulsation； particle density； fluidization characteristics
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