程子耀a, 李鹏达b, 梁绍敏b,c, 张 祺b
太原理工大学 a. 机械工程学院, b. 航空航天学院, c. 材料强度与结构冲击山西省重点实验室, 山西 太原 030024
引用格式:
程子耀,李鹏达,梁绍敏,等. 基于能量计损破碎模型的球磨机研磨效率分析[J]. 中国粉体技术,2026, 32(3):146-158.
Citation: CHENG Ziyao, LI Pengda, LIANG Shaomin, et al. Grinding efficiency analysis of ball mills based on cumulative energy loss-based breakage model[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2026, 32(3):146-158.
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.03.012
收稿日期: 2025-06-09, 修回日期: 2026-01-09,上线日期: 2026-01-26。
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目, 编号: 12302512; 山西省基础研究计划项目,编号:202203021222118。
第一作者: 程子耀(2002—),男,硕士生,研究方向为颗粒材料的破碎行为及其应用。E-mail:2024520017@link.tyut.edu.cn。
通信作者: 梁绍敏(1990—),女,讲师,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为颗粒材料计算力学及工程应用。E-mail:shaominliang@tyut.edu.cn。
摘要:【目的】为了解决球磨机单位产量能耗大、能量利用率低等问题,研究在提高目标颗粒的产率、保证物料颗粒破碎后产物的质量的前提下,尽可能地降低能耗,实现最优的综合研磨效果。【方法】建立带有梯形衬板的球磨机筒体的几何模型,以及黏结颗粒在多次碰撞中的能量计损破碎模型,随后验证能量计损破碎模型的有效性;分别探讨球磨机筒体转速、筒体衬板数量、磨介球半径和材质、磨介球与物料颗粒的质量比(球料比)、物料形状对研磨效率的影响。【结果】在磨介球半径为20 mm,球料比为1:1,磨介球为钢球,衬板数量为12,筒体转速为40 r/min的条件下,研磨综合效率最优;钢球与陶瓷球的质量比为7:3时研磨综合效率最优;在球料比为3:2时目标粒级产率最优;条状物料破碎后的目标颗粒的质量分数最大,颗粒之间的碰撞次数最多,但过粉碎现象最严重。【结论】低能、高频碰撞可保证合理的破碎率,同时能够控制过粉碎现象,使得破碎效率和目标颗粒产率达到最佳平衡;磨介球半径过小易导致产率低下,过大则会引发过粉碎与研磨不均问题;在磨介球中掺入陶瓷球可有效抑制过粉碎现象,但陶瓷球数量过多会削弱整体破碎效率;球料比过高虽可提高颗粒之间的碰撞次数,却会导致过粉碎现象加剧;块状物料须进行二次研磨或更换大直径的磨介球。
关键词:能量计损破碎模型;离散元模型;球磨机;研磨效率
Abstract
Objective To solve the problems of high energy consumption per unit output and low energy utilization efficiency of ball mills, it is necessary to reduce energy consumption as much as possible while improving the yield of target particles and ensuring the quality of products after material particle breakage, thereby achieving optimal overall grinding performance.
Methods Based the software EDEM, the grinding process of the ball mill was numerically simulated, and the grinding efficiency of the ball mill was analyzed accordingly. The research was conducted in the following steps. First, a geometric model of the ball mill cylinder equipped with trapezoidal liners was established. Second, an cumulative energy loss-based breakage model, capable of counting the cumulative energy loss of bonded particles during multiple collisions, was established, and the validity of the proposed model was verified. Finally, the effects of various key parameters on the grinding efficiency were investigated separately, including the rotational speed of the cylinder, number of cylinder liners, radius and material of the grinding media balls, particle shape of the material, and ball-to-material ratio.
Results and Discussion With a grinding ball diameter of 20 mm, a ball-to-material ratio of 1:1, and steel balls as the grinding media balls, grinding performance was compared at the cylinder rotational speeds of 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 r/min, and the numbers of liners of 8, 10, 12, and 14, respectively. The results showed that when the number of liners was 12 and the cylinder speed was 40 r/min, the comprehensive grinding efficiency was the best, the average number of collisions was the highest, the mass fraction of over-crushed particles was the smallest, and the mass fraction of target particles was 32.7%. When the cylinder speed was at 40 r/min, the number of liners was 12, and the ball-to-material ratio was 1:1, grinding performance was compared with the grinding ball radii of 20, 30, 40, and 50 mm, and the mass ratio of steel ball to ceramic ball set to 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7 and 1:9, respectively. The results showed that when the radius of grinding medium ball was 20 mm and the mass ratio of steel ball to ceramic ball was 7:3, the comprehensive grinding efficiency was the best, and the yield of target particles was the highest, with the mass fraction reaching 32.2%. After breakage, strip-shaped materials exhibited the largest mass fraction of target particles and the highest number of collisions, but the over-crushing phenomenon was the most severe. Sheet-like materials ranked second. Blocky materials exhibited the lowest mass fraction of target particles after breakage and were the most difficult to break, requiring secondary grinding or the use of larger-diameter grinding balls. The target particle yield was optimal when the ball-to-material ratio was 3:2.
Conclusion Low-energy and high-frequency collision can ensure a reasonable breakage rate while controlling the over-crushing phenomenon, so that the breakage efficiency and the target particle yield can reach an optimal balance. An excessively small grinding media ball radius can easily lead to low yield, while an excessively large radius can cause problems of over-crushing and uneven grinding. Incorporating ceramic balls into grinding media balls can effectively inhibit the phenomenon of over-crushing, but an excessive proportion of ceramic balls will weaken the overall crushing efficiency. Although an excessively high ball-to-material ratio can increase the number of collisions, it will lead to the aggravation of over-crushing.
Keywords: cumulative energy loss-based breakage model; discrete element method; ball mill; grinding efficiency
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