孙晓晖¹，谷海峰²，王辉¹

1.中国核电工程有限公司 中核核电安全严重事故研究重点实验室， 北京 100084；2. 哈尔滨工程大学 核安全与仿真技术国防重点学科实验室， 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001

引用格式：

孙晓晖，谷海峰，王辉.华龙一号PCS传热管对安全壳内气溶胶去除影响［J］.中国粉体技术，2025，31（2）：1-12.

SUN Xiaohui，GU Haifeng， WANG Hui.Impact of HPR1000 PCS heat transfer tubes on aerosol removal within containment［J］.China Powder Sci-ence and Technology， 2025， 31（2）： 1−12.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.02.015

收稿日期：2024-06-25，修回日期： 2024-08-22，上线日期：2024-11-21。

基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目，编号：2020YFB1901400。

第一作者简介：孙晓晖（1989—），男，高级工程师，博士，研究方向为严重事故分析。E-mail：sxhmxh333@sina.com。

通信作者简介：谷海峰（1980—），男，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为核动力装置及反应堆热工水力。E-mail：guhaifeng@hrbeu.edu.cn。

摘要：【目的】研究非能动安全壳冷却系统（passive containment cooling system，PCS）在严重事故过程中强化安全壳内气溶胶的去除过程。【方法】采用离散分区法建立静态封闭系统的气溶胶演化计算模型，研究PCS传热管对安全壳内气溶胶去除的影响，并同步进行对比实验。【结果】理论计算模型的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好； 随着PCS传热管表面积的增加和传热管附近温度梯度的增加，气空间气溶胶悬浮比例降低；双隔间模型计算得到的气溶胶悬浮比例比单隔间模型结果更高； 在文中华龙一号安全壳缩比参数的容器内，PCS传热管可提升气溶胶沉积效率约为12%。【结论】建立的理论模型可用于气溶胶沉积过程的分析研究； PCS传热管表面积的增加和传热管附近温度梯度的增加对气溶胶的去除具有强化作用； 评估安全壳内PCS传热管对气溶胶强化作用，须考虑安全壳内气溶胶分布的不均匀性，基于均匀性假设评估的结果并不保守； PCS传热管可显著增强安全壳内气溶胶的去除效果。

关键词：气溶胶; 华龙一号; 非能动安全壳冷却系统；扩散泳

Abstract

Objective　During a severe accident at a nuclear power plant，the containment，serving as the final barrier to confine radioactive

fission products，plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of radiation.Passive containment cooling systems（PCS）are incorporated  into third-generation reactors，such as AP1000 and Hualong series，to cool and depressurize the containment vessel following a severe 

accident，thereby preventing containment failure.During the cooling process in Hualongreactors，temperatureand gas concentration gradien-tsform near the PCS heat transfer tubes.These gradients drive aerosol dynamic phenomena such as diffusiophoresis and thermophoresis in 

the PCS，which enhance the removal of aerosols from the containment vessel during severe accidents.However，due to our insufficient unde-rstanding of PCS’s enhanced aerosol removal effect，the effect has not been considered in traditional source term assessments.Therefor-e，research on the enhanced aerosol removal effect of PCS is beneficial for optimizing source term assessments and improving economic 

efficiency.

Methods　In this study，the discrete zone method was employed to solve the aerosol transport equation，focusing on the impact of PCS heat transfer tubes on aerosol removal within the containment.The theoretical calculation model was compared and verified through experiments. The calculations considered various processes affecting aerosol particles，including convection，diffusion，coagulation，condensation，

nucleation，and deposition.The deposition process includes four mechanisms： gravitational settling，Brownian diffusion，thermophoresis， and diffusiophoresis.Experiments were conducted in a simulation chamber with a volume of approximately 12 m³，where the parameters of the heat transfer tubes were consistent with those of the prototype PCS in the Hualong pressurized reactor 1000（HPR1000）.Titanium dioxide aerosols were generated using a Palas RBG2000 aerosol generator，and their particle size distribution was measured using a Palas Promo3000HP aerosol spectrometer.To investigate the impact of PCS on aerosol size evolution，experiments were conducted under two conditions：with and without heat transfer tubes.During the experiments，after introducing aerosols into the chamber，they were allowed to mix thoroughly before initiating measurements of their size distribution to establish a baseline.The evolution of aerosol particle sizes within the cha-mber was subsequently tracked over time.

Results and discussion　The process of solving the aerosol transport equation using the discrete zone method is described in the pape-r.The effects of various factors，including heat transfer tube surface area，temperature gradient between the heat transfer tube wall and surrounding atmosphere，and non-uniform aerosoldistribution within the containment，on aerosol removal were studied.The results showed 

that：1）the calculated results of the theoretical calculation model in the paper matched well with experimental results，indicating its applicability for analyzing aerosol deposition processes.2）Increasing PCS heat transfer tube surface area and the temperature gradient 

near the tube wall could both enhance aerosol removal.Therefore，increasing the surace area of heat transfer tubes can be consideredin 

PCS design to optimize the source term.3）When evaluating the enhanced effect of PCS on aerosol removal，non-uniform aerosoldistribution within the containment should be considered，as results based on uniformity assumptions are not conservative.4）In the scaled-down conta-inment model of the HPR1000 studied in the paper，PCS heat transfer tubes increased aerosol deposition efficiency by approximately 12%.

Conclusion　The following conclusions are drawn from the analysis：1）The developed theoretical model can be used for studying aerosol  deposition processes.2）Increasing the surface area of the PCS heat transfer tubes and the temperature gradient near these tubes greatly enhance aerosol removal.3）When evaluating the enhanced effects of PCS heat transfer tubes on aerosol removal within the containment，the non-uniformity of aerosol distribution within the containment must be considered，as evaluations based on uniformity assumptions are not conservative.4）PCS heat transfer tubes can significantly enhance aerosol removal within the containment.

Keywords：aerosol；HPR1000；passive containment cooling system；diffusiophoresis

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