连 芳，樊遵浩，李静宜，王梓鑫

北京科技大学 材料科学与工程学院，北京 100083

引用格式：

连芳，樊遵浩，李静宜，等. 硫化物固态电解质颗粒制备技术的研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2025， 31（2）：1-11.

LIAN Fang， FAN Zunhao， LI Jingyi， et al. Research progress on preparation of sulfide solid electrolyte particles［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2025， 31（2）：1−11.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.02.004

收稿日期：2024-08-15，修回日期：2024-12-30，上线日期：2025-02-24。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52172180，51872026。

第一作者简介：连芳（1973—），女，教授，博士，博士生导师，研究方向为能源存储与转换材料、固态电池、金属空气电池体系。E-mail：lianfang@mater. ustb. edu. cn。

摘要：【目的】 从材料层面上分析硫化物电解质面临的一系列挑战，包括化学稳定性差、电极界面副反应严重、机械失活、缺乏规模化生产技术等问题，为实现硫化物基固态电池的产业化应用提供技术支撑。【研究现状】 综述硫化物颗粒粒径控制、颗粒表面包覆及修饰的研究进展，介绍机械研磨、机械化学固溶和液相法合成小尺寸硫化物颗粒工艺，以及通过涂层、包覆和改性处理在硫化物颗粒表面形成薄保护层的技术，为硫化物基固态电池的设计提供更多的高可行性方案。【展望】 硫化物固态电解质材料的性能提升与电极及电芯的设计需求相结合，兼容液态锂离子电池的生产设备和工艺，促进硫化物基固态电池的产业化发展和应用。

关键词：颗粒；硫化物；固态电解质；固态电池；制备

Abstract

Significance Sulfide solid electrolytes （SSEs） have become one of the most promising materials for the industrialization of solid-state batteries， owing to their high ionic conductivity at room temperature and unique mechanical properties. However， in terms of material types， the development of SSEs still faces a series of challenges， including poor chemical stability， severe electrode interface side reactions， mechanical contact loss， and the absence of large-scale production technologies. Over the past decade，many approaches have been proposed to address the above issues. This review focuses on particle size reduction and particle coating/modification to improve the chemical stability and electrochemical performance of SSEs.

Progress Small-sized sulfide particles have lower electrochemical/mechanical strain energy， which suppresses mechanical deactivation/degradation. Due to the unique mechanical processing and low-temperature crystallization characteristics of sulfides，mechanical ball milling and mechanochemical solid solution synthesis methods are currently effective for obtaining small-sized sulfides. However， the crystallinity of sulfides is changed during the mechanical ball milling process， and the Li⁺ionic conductivity decreases. In contrast， the liquid-phase synthesis method has the advantages of lower synthesis temperature， shortened synthesis procedure， production of fine sulfide particles， and simultaneous modification， which is expected to be employed for low-cost large-scale preparation of sulfide electrolyte powders. However， sulfides are unstable in air and solvents， limiting the solvents available for liquid-phase sulfide synthesis. The residual solvents and generated impurities are detrimental to the performance of sulfide electrolytes. Therefore， exploring more feasible processes for large-scale production of sulfide powders will be crucial for the industrialization of sulfide-based solid-state batteries in the future. The surface state and chemical sensitivity of sulfide particles can be precisely controlled by coating and surface modifying， which can significantly suppress the reactivity of particles under humid and oxidized conditions， improve the interface compatibility between SSEs and electrode materials， and reduce the electronic conductivity. In the future development of sulfide electrolyte， it is important to explore coating materials and their coating techniques to further improve interface stability without compromising ionic conductivity.

Conclusions and Prospects By optimizing the synthesis methods and modifying the particle surface， sulfide electrolyte have made great progress in the application for solid-state batteries. It is vital to further enhance the performance of sulfide materials for solid-state batteries. Future studies can focus on the strategies for producing electrolyte membranes and exploring composite electrode designs to ensure compatibility with production equipment and processes of liquid lithium-ion batteries.

Keywords：particle； sulfide； solid electrolyte； solid-state battery； preparation

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