ISSN 1008-5548

CN 37-1316/TU

2024年30卷  第4期
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纤维基电催化材料的结构设计及应用

Structural design and application of fiber-based electrocatalytic materials

杨建平1 ，张方舟1 ，陈 俊2

1. 东华大学 材料科学与工程学院，纤维材料改性国家重点实验室，上海 201620；2. 澳大利亚伍伦贡大学，澳大利亚创新材料研究所，ARC电子材料科学卓越中心，澳大利亚新南威尔士州 2522

引用格式：

杨建平，张方舟，陈俊. 纤维基电催化材料的结构设计及应用［J］.中国粉体技术，2024，30（4）：161-170.

YANG J P， ZHANG F Z， CHEN J. Structural design and application of fiber-based electrocatalytic materials［J］.China Powder Science and Technology，2024，30（4）：161−170.

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2024.04.015

收稿日期：2024-05-21，修回日期：2024-06-20，上线日期：2024-06-27。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号 ：52122312，52172291。

第一作者简介：杨建平（1984—），男，教授，博士，优青，博士生导师，研究方向为催化材料界面调控。E⁃mail：jianpingyang@dhu. edu. cn。

摘要：【目的】 一维纤维材料因为具有高比表面积、高电导率、连续的电子传输路径和优异的结构稳定性，所以是一种理想的电极材料。纤维材料可以作为载体来耦合金属催化剂，也可以直接用作催化活性物质；通过对纤维和催化剂形貌、结构、以及复合方式的调控，可以满足不同催化反应的需求。【研究现状】纤维基电催化材料主要包括用作催化活性的支撑性纤维和含有本征活性位点的电催化纤维；当纤维作为催化活性物质时，主要有无机纤维、杂原子掺杂碳纤维和单原子锚定纤维等结构；当纤维作为催化剂载体时，金属催化剂通过嵌入或负载等方式与纤维载体复合，进而调控纤维基电催化剂的催化性能；不同的纤维基电催化剂可以满足多种催化反应的需求。【展望】为了探索真实反应条件下活性物质的结构演变，原位实时表征技术和构建自支撑电极将是纤维基电催化剂的未来发展方向。

关键词：纤维；纳米复合材料；结构设计；电催化

Abstract

Significance One-dimensional fiber materials have emerged as promising advanced electrode materials due to their excellent mechanical strength，large surface area，high electrical conductivity， tunable composition/morphology， and structural stability.Recently，significant research interest has focused on constructing fiber electrocatalysts with abundant accessible active sites and efficient mass diffusion capabilities for effective electrochemical energy conversion and electrocatalysis reactions.Fiber materials can serve both as carriers for coupling metal catalysts and as direct catalytic active substances. By regulating the morphology，structure，and composite mode of fibers and catalysts， catalytic reactions can be optimized.

Progress This article provides a detailed summary of the structural design of fiber-based electrocatalysts，including electrocatalytic fibers with intrinsic active sites and supportive fibers for catalyst loading. The precise control of these architectures to meet the requirements of specific electrocatalytic reactions is critically discussed. It discusses the applications of different fiber-based electrocatalysts across various catalytic reactions. Specifically， the paper reviews different fibrous structures such as inorganic fibers， heteroatom-doped carbon fibers，single-atom anchored carbon fibers，embedded structures，and loaded structures，exploring the relationship between structure and catalytic performance.One-dimensional fiber is a versatile and powerful material， and a deep understanding of its components and structural properties is pivotal in guiding the selection and advancement of fiber electrocalysts for electrocatalysis applications.

Conclusions and Prospects Despite these advancements，some challenges and critical issues remain in developing efficient fiber-based electrocatalysts. In terms of structural design，when fibers are directly used as electrocatalytic active substances， the intrinsic activity of active sites can be improved by adjusting the composition of inorganic fibers or the local coordination configuration of carbon fibers. Constructing a continuous fiber skeleton with high porosity and a large surface area is beneficial for fully exposing active sites. When fibers serve as catalyst carriers，metal catalysts are anchored on or within the fiber matrix， relying on the high surface area of the fibers to obtain dispersed active sites.By properly designing the composition， electronic structure，and morphology of the fiber matrix and metal catalysts， as well as their composite structures，it is feasible to optimize different reaction processes.In addition，it is necessary to mitigate the corrosion and aggregation of metal catalysts through reasonable interface design and to ensure intimate contact between the electrocatalyst and the fiber support.

The contributions of different active substances to the electrocatalytic performance under real reaction conditions has not been thoroughly studied. The true active sites and exact catalytic mechanisms of fiber electrocatalysts remain unclear.Identifying the properties of active sites is crucial for designing efficient and multifunctional electrocatalysts. Density functional theory （DFT）is a powerful method for identifying active sites and predicting possible reaction intermediates，providing guidance for the structural design of fiber electrocatalysts. Furthermore， it is important to explore in-situ real-time characterization techniques such as FTIR，Raman，synchrotron radiation， and atomic force microscopy to understand the structural evolution of active substances under real reaction conditions. Constructing integrated electrodes with high mechanical strength，high catalyst loading， and strongly coupled interfaces is desirable for achieving efficient and stable electrocatalysis. Nevertheless，due to the absence of polymer binder， forming a strong connection between the active material and fiber substrate to prevent shedding remains a predominant challenge in fabricating integrated electrodes.As research progresses， fiber-based electrocatalysts are expected to play an indispensable role in the future market of renewable energy.

Keywords：fiber； nanocomposites； structural design； electrocatalysis


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