ISSN 1008-5548

CN 37-1316/TU

最新出版

太阳能耦合煤或生物质的化学链燃烧技术研究

Research progress on solar-coupled coal- or biomass-fueled chemical looping combustion


郭庆杰1,2, 陈有琦1,2, 郭拓2, 孙梦娟1,2, 吴曼1

1.青岛科技大学 化工学院, 山东 青岛 266042; 2.江门双碳实验室碳捕集与工业利用中心, 广东 江门 529199

引用格式:

郭庆杰, 陈有琦, 郭拓, 等. 太阳能耦合煤或生物质的化学链燃烧技术研究[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2026, 32(6): 1-11.

Guo Qingjie, Chen Youqi, Guo Tuo, et al. Research progress on solar-coupled coal- or biomass-fueled chemical looping combustion[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2026, 32(6): 1-11.

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.06.015

收稿日期: 2026-05-07, 修回日期: 2026-10-12, 上线日期: 2026-10-16。

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目,编号:22379079; 宁夏自然科学基金项目,编号:2022AAC01001。

第一作者: 郭庆杰(1967—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,泰山学者特聘教授、国家百千万人才,研究方向为化学链技术,碳捕集与利用、流态化工程。E-mail:qingie.guo@vip.sina.com。

摘要: 【目的】 聚焦“双碳”目标与化石能源依赖带来的气候及能效挑战,开展太阳能耦合化学链燃烧技术研究,以实现燃烧中CO2的内分离与能源的高效转化,最终达成系统全工况低碳或负碳排放与㶲效率协同提升的优化目标。 【研究现状】 综述针对单一载氧体颗粒易烧结、活性低等瓶颈所引入的复合高活性金属或掺杂改性策略,以及载氧体颗粒在复杂生物质热解气氛下的多相界面退化机制;概括太阳能多物理场耦合系统下的动态响应特征;总结引入太阳能辅助供热在降低系统不可逆损失与整体碳足迹、实现近100%碳捕集效率、显著跃升合成气产率及能量升级因子等方面的巨大应用潜力。 【结论与展望】 提出未来须重点聚焦高性能抗磨损复合载氧体颗粒开发,尤其是攻克非稳态光热响应与抗失活难题、反应器智能放大及多能源全链条融合技术;认为化学链燃烧与太阳能、复杂固体燃料的协同耦合是构建未来低碳能源架构的关键底层技术,这将为其迈向热输入功率为10 MW及以上规模的工业示范提供核心技术支撑,推动太阳能耦合化学链燃烧技术在低碳高效发电与负碳排放领域的发展。

关键词: 化学链燃烧; 生物质; 太阳能; 载氧体; 碳捕集; 能效提升; 多能互补

Abstract 

Significance To achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, low-carbon conversion technologies for coal and biomass fuels that combine high energy efficiency with inherent CO2 capture are urgently needed. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) uses metal oxide oxygen carriers circulating between a fuel reactor and an air reactor to transfer lattice oxygen to fuels, so that CO2 is inherently separated from N2 without an energy-intensive gas separation step. Coupling CLC with concentrated solar energy enables solar heat to drive the endothermic pyrolysis, gasification, and oxygen carrier reduction reactions in the fuel reactor, thereby storing intermittent solar energy as chemical energy in syngas or reduced oxygen carriers. When biomass is used as the fuel, negative carbon emissions can be further achieved. This review aims to clarify how solar energy can be coupled with coal- or biomass-fueled CLC to realize internal CO2 separation, efficient energy conversion, and the coordinated improvement of carbon emission reduction and exergy efficiency.

Progress First, the basic principles of CLC and the different reaction characteristics of coal and biomass are summarized, including the high fixed carbon content and sulfur-induced deactivation associated with coal and the high volatile content and alkali-metal- and alkaline-earth-metal-induced agglomeration associated with biomass. Second, the design criteria of oxygen carriers for solar-coupled solid-fuel CLC are discussed in terms of photothermal response, thermochemical stability, reaction kinetics, economic performance, and catalytic activity. The performance of Ni-, Fe-, Cu-, and Mn-based oxygen carriers, as well as composite oxygen carriers, is compared. Composite and doping modification strategies for overcoming the susceptibility to sintering and low activity of single oxygen carriers, as well as the degradation of oxygen carriers in complex biomass pyrolysis atmospheres, are also reviewed. Third, the release mechanism of lattice oxygen is analyzed, and the photothermal and nonthermal photochemical effects under concentrated solar irradiation, which accelerate oxygen ion diffusion and oxygen vacancy formation, are discussed. Finally, representative solar-coupled systems, such as solar-driven biomass chemical looping gasification systems and solar-assisted biomass chemical looping gasification combined-cycle power generation systems, are reviewed together with their techno-economic performance. Solar-assisted heating can reduce the irreversible losses and carbon footprint of the system, achieve a carbon capture efficiency of nearly 100%, and significantly increase the syngas yield and energy upgrade factor. Techno-economic analyses show that the levelized cost of CO2 of biomass CLC can decrease to 73.04-87.32 €/t at near-industrial scale, and that CLC becomes competitive with conventional carbon capture technologies when the CO2 price reaches 60-100 €/t.

Conclusions and Prospects The coupling of CLC with solar energy and complex solid fuels is a key technology for developing future low-carbon energy systems, but its industrial application is still limited by insufficient solar absorptivity and insufficient long-term stability of oxygen carriers, the non-uniform temperature fields in solar reactors, the dynamic mismatch between intermittent solar input and continuous operation, and the lack of reliable engineering cost data. Future research should focus on developing high-performance, wear-resistant composite oxygen carrier particles that can withstand unsteady photothermal loads and resist deactivation, scaling up photothermal fuel reactors with the aid of computational fluid dynamics and multiphysics simulations, and integrating multiple energy sources across the entire chain based on techno-economic assessment. These efforts will provide technical support for the industrial demonstration of solar-coupled CLC with a thermal input power of 10 MW and above, and will promote the development of this technology for low-carbon, high-efficiency power generation and negative carbon emissions.

Keywords: chemical looping combustion; biomass; solar energy; oxygen carrier; carbon capture; energy efficiency improvement; multi-energy complementarity

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