孙麓1, 许雯琪1, 李杰2, 姚明水1
1.中国科学院过程工程研究所 介科学与过程工程全国重点实验室, 北京 100190; 2.中国科学院文献情报中心, 北京 100190
引用格式:
孙麓, 许雯琪, 李杰, 等. 晶态多孔颗粒研究进展[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2027, 33(1): 1-13.
Sun Lu, Xu Wenqi, Li Jie, et al. Research progress on crystalline porous particles[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2027, 33(1): 1-13.
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2027.01.001
收稿日期: 2026-07-30, 修回日期: 2026-09-15, 上线日期: 2026-10-09。
基金项目: 国家科技重大专项, 编号:2026ZD1703303; 国家自然科学基金项目,编号:22494633, 22571304; 北京市自然科学基金项目,编号:2264093; 福建省自然科学基金项目,编号:2024N0059
第一作者: 孙麓(1990—),女,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为晶态多孔配位聚合物与同位素分离。E-mail:lsun@ipe.ac.cn。
通信作者: 姚明水(1987—),男,研究员,博士,博士生导师,国家级高层次人才,研究方向为晶态多孔材料及其识别、传递与分离应用。E-mail:msyao@ipe.ac.cn。
摘要: 【目的】 总结探讨晶态多孔颗粒的研究进展,为了更好地开展晶态多孔材料的结构设计、性能调控和工程应用等。 【研究现状】 介绍晶态多孔颗粒主要材料体系,综述晶态多孔颗粒在吸附分离、催化转化、能源存储、离子传导、传感检测和生物医药等领域的应用进展,并总结晶态多孔颗粒在颗粒成型、薄膜制备和器件集成方面的研究现状;横向比较代表性成型体的孔结构、密度、传质及工况性能,讨论分子模拟、介尺度传质模型和宏观反应器模型的适用范围与局限。 【结论与展望】 未来须要进一步关注颗粒尺度结构调控、复杂工况下性能评价以及规模化制备与应用,完善成型体工程参数的统一评价方法,发展经实验校准的跨尺度模拟与过程评价方法。
关键词: 晶态多孔颗粒; 金属有机框架; 共价有机框架; 复合晶态多孔材料; 宏量制备与成型; 跨尺度模拟
Abstract
Significance The translation of crystalline porous materials from molecular-level design to practical technologies requires control beyond framework structures. Although crystalline porous materials offer precisely defined pores and functional sites, their practical performance is strongly influenced by particle-scale factors, including morphology, pore accessibility, shaping processes, and interfacial structures. Crystalline porous particles serve as a bridge between structural design and engineering applications, enabling their integration into adsorptive separation, catalysis, membrane processes, electrochemical devices, sensing systems, and biomedical applications.
Progress This review discusses recent advances in crystalline porous particles from structural design to engineering implementation. Representative crystalline porous systems, including zeolites/molecular sieves, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), and composite porous materials, are summarized with emphasis on the relationship between crystal structures, particle architectures, and functional properties. Zeolites and molecular sieves remain important platforms for shape-selective catalysis and adsorptive separation owing to their robust inorganic frameworks, uniform micropores, and tunable acidic properties. MOFs and COFs have expanded the structural diversity of crystalline porous materials through controllable coordination and covalent chemistry, enabling regulation of pore environments, framework dynamics, electronic structures, and particle morphologies. Supramolecular crystalline porous materials further demonstrate the role of reversible intermolecular interactions in constructing molecular cavities and adaptive pore systems. Composite crystalline porous materials integrate multiple components and interfaces to couple molecular recognition, transport properties, and processability.
Conclusions and Prospects Crystalline porous particles are evolving from structure-oriented materials toward application-oriented systems with controlled architectures across multiple length scales. Future progress requires establishing quantitative relationships among crystal structures, defects, particle morphology, hierarchical porosity, and macroscopic performance. Understanding structural evolution under realistic operating conditions, including humidity, impurities, pressure variation, reactive environments, and long-term cycling, remains essential. Integration of scalable synthesis, standardized engineering evaluation, operando characterization, and experiment-calibrated multiscale modeling will be critical for designing crystalline porous particles with predictable performance in practical applications. Molecular-level adsorption and diffusion parameters should be translated into effective particle properties before being incorporated into reactor models, and breakthrough and cyclic experiments should be used to validate and refine model predictions.
Keywords: crystalline porous particle; metal-organic framework; covalent organic framework; composite crystalline porous material; scalable synthesis and shaping; multiscale modeling
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