彭威1a ,谷海峰2 ,王竞弘1b ,王辉3 ,于溯源1b
1. 清华大学 a. 核能与新能源技术研究院,b. 能源与动力工程系,北京100084;2. 哈尔滨工程大学 核科学与技术学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨150001;3. 中国核电工程有限公司,北京100840
彭威,谷海峰,王竞弘,等 . 严重事故条件下非能动冷却安全壳内气溶胶输运行为研究进展[J]. 中国粉体技术,2027,33(1):1-14.
Peng Wei, Gu Haifeng, Wang Jinghong, et al. Research on aerosol transport behavior in containment with passive cooling design under severe accidents[J]. China Powder Science and Technology,2027,33(1):1−14.
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2027.01.012
收稿日期:2026-06-12,修回日期:2026-07-17,上线日期:2026-09-15。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目,编号:52176158;中核领创科研项目,编号:CNNC-LCKY-2024-001
第一作者:彭威(1982—),男,副教授,博士,博士生导师,国家级青年人才,研究方向为反应堆热工水力学。E-mail:pengwei@tsinghua.edu. cn。
摘要:【目的】为了保障核电安全运行,研究气溶胶在安全壳大空间内输运行为,以掌握事故工况下放射性物质的扩散范围与释放总量,从而对反应堆进行安全分析和放射性风险评估。【研究现状】研究严重事故下安全壳内的气溶胶的演化机制和规律,总结吸湿增长、重力沉降、热泳和扩散泳以及壁面颗粒再悬浮这几个关键气溶胶输运过程;研究气溶胶演化规律的计算模拟,主要包括基于集总参数框架的系统程序计算和基于计算流体力学耦合颗粒动力学的多维度气溶胶演化行为。【结论与展望】目前气溶胶演化机制研究缺乏系统性与多尺度协同性,气溶胶数值计算模型存在维度局限性,适配性不足;开展大空间复杂结构中气溶胶颗粒迁移、沉积及再悬浮等行为的多尺度机制研究,开发三维空间非稳态数值计算模型和程序,实现气溶胶多动力学过程耦合计算和分析,是未来重点发展的方向。
关键词:严重事故;先进反应堆;气溶胶;颗粒运动;多尺度耦合
Significance As a typical and important technical form of the new generation of advanced nuclear power technology, advanced pressurized water reactors (APWRs) have been widely promoted and applied in nuclear power engineering. Nevertheless, safety prevention and control under severe accident conditions remain a core concern restricting the further improvement of nuclear power safety margins, and it is also a key aspect in ensuring the long-term stable and safe operation of nuclear power plants. Under extreme severe accident conditions of APWRs, radioactive aerosols act as the main carriers of radioactive fission products and constitute a critical radioactive source term for nuclear accident releases. The migration, deposition, resuspension and other dynamic evolution behaviors of aerosol particles in the large and enclosed containment space directly determine the spatial diffusion range, temporal evolution patterns, and total release amount of radioactive substances. An accurate understanding of aerosol evolution characteristics is of great significance for reactor severe accident safety analysis, quantitative assessment of accident consequences, and targeted formulation of radioactive pollution prevention and control measures. This paper systematically reviews the research progress and relevant findings on aerosol transport behavior in APWRs under severe accident conditions.
Progress In general, current research on nuclear aerosol evolution still has obvious deficiencies in theoretical mechanisms and numerical simulations. In terms of mechanism research, most existing studies only focus on a single aspect of aerosol dynamic behaviors, such as deposition or resuspension, under specific accident conditions, lacking systematic, comprehensive, and hierarchical analysis and summary of multi-behavior coupling patterns. In addition, most research remains at the macroscopic statistical level, lacking a complete multi-scale research perspective that covers microscopic particle force evolution and macroscopic spatial migration. Consequently, it is difficult to reveal the essential evolution mechanism of aerosol groups under complex accident conditions. In terms of calculation models, traditional research mainly relies on classic lumped parameter programs, which can only obtain average parameters and cannot accurately characterize the three-dimensional spatially non-uniform distribution of aerosols. However, the containment has a large space and complex internal structure, and the thermal parameters and structural characteristics of different regions vary significantly, leading to considerable differences in aerosol dynamic mechanisms. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a multi-dimensional aerosol evolution calculation model that couples three-dimensional complex structural environments with time-varying accident parameters.
Conclusions and Prospects Conducting in-depth research on the multi-scale evolution mechanism of behaviors such as migration, deposition, and resuspension of aerosol particles in large space and complex structures, developing high-precision three-dimensional spatial unsteady numerical calculation models and programs, and realizing efficient coupled calculation and quantitative analysis of multiple aerosol dynamic processes are key research directions that need to be urgently advanced in the field of nuclear severe accident safety research.
Keywords:severe accident; advanced reactor; aerosol; particle motion; multi-scale coupling
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