尚冬杰， 常昊宁， 冯泽玉， 胡敏
北京大学 环境科学与工程学院， 区域环境安全全国重点实验室， 北京 100871
引用格式：
尚冬杰， 常昊宁， 冯泽玉， 等. 我国大气新粒子生成研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2027， 33（2）： 1-10.
Shang Dongjie， Chang Haoning， Feng Zeyu， et al. Research progress on atmospheric new particle formation in China［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2027， 33（2）： 1-10.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2027.02.001
收稿日期： 2026-09-14， 修回日期： 2026-09-15， 上线日期： 2026-09-27。
基金项目： 国家重点研发计划项目，编号：2022YFC3701001；国家自然科学基金项目，编号： 22221004；区域环境安全全国重点实验室专项，编号：24Y04ESPCP。
第一作者： 尚冬杰（1992—），男，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为大气二次颗粒物生成机制。E-mail：foxshang@pku.edu.cn。
通信作者： 胡敏（1966—），女，教授，博士，博士生导师，国家杰出青年基金获得者、教育部“长江学者”特聘教授，研究方向为大气颗粒物污染成因及防控对策。E-mail：minhu@pku.edu.cn。
摘要： 【目的】 阐释我国大气新粒子生成的研究历程与重要进展，总结相关研究的关键里程碑成果。 【研究现状】 系统回顾自2004年首次开展大气新粒子生成观测以来，我国在该领域取得的重要发现，包括污染大气条件下意外的高效成核过程与持续增长致霾机制，气态硫酸-二甲胺成核机制在城市大气中的主导作用，有机酸、三甲胺、碘酸等其他物质的潜在协同成核作用，氧化态有机物凝结过程在新粒子增长中的主导作用，以及氮氧化物对其凝结能力的重要限制。 【结论与展望】 提出应加强构建组网式的超细纳米颗粒与前体物连续观测网络，形成具有长周期序列的动态底层数据库；应积极推进高分辨离子淌度质谱等前沿检测技术的研发与外场适配应用；应深度整合高阶量化计算资源与机器学习架构，将已知参与团簇成核的多元前体物的非线性物理反馈与化学协同耦合效应，统一融合进具有高适用性的成核参数化方案，并在不同类型环境中持续验证其在全球气候模式模型中的准确度与普适性。
关键词： 大气气溶胶； 新粒子生成； 成核机制； 气候变化
Abstract
Significance With the continuous development and widespread application of particulate matter number concentration measurement technologies in China， new particle formation has been widely observed in various ambient environments across the country， exhibiting characteristics that significantly differ from those typically reported in atmospheric observations abroad. With the development and application of measurement technologies for key gaseous precursors， such as gaseous sulfuric acid， organic amines， and highly oxidized organic compounds， Chinese scholars have played a pivotal role in elucidating the chemical mechanisms underlying the nucleation and growth of atmospheric new particles. In recent years， Chinese researchers have further integrated observational data with mechanistic studies， establishing a systematic understanding of the multidimensional spatial characteristics and environmental effects of new particle formation. This paper reviews the research history and key milestone achievements of atmospheric new particle formation in China through three stages.
Progress This paper systematically reviews the significant discoveries in China in the field of atmospheric new particle formation since its initial observation in 2004. These discoveries include the unexpectedly efficient nucleation process and the mechanism of haze formation induced by new particles under polluted atmospheric conditions； the dominant role of the gaseous sulfuric acid-dimethylamine nucleation mechanism in urban atmospheres， as well as the potential synergistic effects of other substances such as organic acids， trimethylamine， and iodate； the predominant role of oxidized organic matter in new particle growth， and the important limitation imposed by nitrogen oxide concentrations on the condensation growth capacity of new particles.
Conclusions and Prospects 1） Current observations of microscopic mechanisms primarily rely on short-term field experiments， severely lacking a continuous particulate matter size spectrum observation network covering multiple climatic zones. In particular， long-term high-resolution mass spectrometric measurement data for short-lived， highly reactive gaseous precursors remain scarce， leading to uncertainties in assessing the aerosol climate effects under carbon neutrality pathways. In the future， efforts should be made to strengthen the construction of a networked continuous observation system for ultrafine particles and precursor mass spectrometry， forming a dynamic underlying database with long-term observational sequences. 2） The current mainstream atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique is limited by instrument resolution and ion fragmentation mechanisms， making it difficult to precisely separate and accurately quantify isomers. This often leads to systematic biases when data are input into thermodynamic models to calculate condensation partition ratios. In the future， efforts should be made to promote the research and development of cutting-edge detection technologies such as high-resolution ion mobility mass spectrometry， as well as their field adaptation and applications. 3） Currently， field verification and computational deduction of nucleation mechanisms are mostly limited to static binary or ternary systems. Future research should deeply integrate high-order quantitative computational resources and machine learning architectures， unifying and incorporating the nonlinear physical feedback and chemical synergistic coupling effects of known multi-source precursors involved in cluster formation into highly applicable core equations for nucleation parameterization. The accuracy and universality of this approach in global fluid and climate model simulations should be continuously validated across different types of environmental matrices.
Keywords： atmospheric aerosol； new particle formation； nucleation mechanism； climate change
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