李攀1, 胡钧2, 张立娟3, 杨芳4, 张现仁5, 李兆军6, 许萧7, 周利民3, 陈鲁海8, 周兰9
1.同济大学 环境科学与工程学院,上海 200092; 2.上海大学 理学院材料生物学研究所,上海 200444;3.中国科学院 上海高等研究院光源科学中心,上海 201210; 4.东南大学 生物科学与医学工程学院, 江苏 南京 210096;5.北京化工大学 化学工程学院,北京 100029; 6.中国科学院 过程工程研究所,北京 100190;7.华东理工大学 机械与动力工程学院,上海 200237; 8.纳泡检测技术(上海)股份有限公司,上海 201709;9.国家纳米科学中心,北京 100190
引用格式:
李攀, 胡钧, 张立娟, 等. 颗粒学视野下的微纳米气泡技术研究进展[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2027, 33(1): 1-17.
Li Pan, Hu Jun, Zhang Lijuan, et al. Research progress on micro- and nanobubble technologies from a particuology perspective[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2027, 33(1): 1-17.
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2027.01.013
收稿日期: 2026-07-07, 修回日期: 2026-08-28, 上线日期: 2026-09-12。
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目,编号:51978489。
第一作者: 李攀(1980—),女,副教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为微纳米气泡技术及其环境交叉领域应用。E-mail:lipan@tongji.eud.cn。
通信作者: 胡钧(1964—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,国家级领军人才,研究方向为纳米气泡、纳米尺度生物分子行为、生物分子探测和操纵等。E-mail:hujun64@shu.edu.cn
摘要: 【目的】 将微纳米气泡界定为一类特殊的气体软颗粒或气液界面颗粒,梳理其从气液分散、气浮与浮选,到纳米气泡的发现、发生技术进步、标准化建设及学科共同体形成的历史脉络,以及该领域的科学前沿、技术体系、工程应用格局与未来挑战。 【研究现状】 概述微纳米气泡的概念、特性与学科边界;微纳米气泡技术的发展路径,即由工程现象、基础科学、功能设计、标准体系与组织平台共同推动;从现象到机制的微纳米气泡科学研究核心前沿,即存在性与稳定机制,气液界面的电荷、吸附与传质,气泡-颗粒、油滴与微塑料界面相互作用,自由基、非自由基与界面反应,多尺度模型与传统多相流理论的衔接;从发生到评价的微纳米气泡技术体系的构建,即微纳米气泡技术的成熟取决于发生制备、流场调控、表征检测、功能评价与标准体系之间能否形成闭环;从单点应用到场景赋能的微纳米气泡技术的工程应用,即强化气体传质、界面捕集与分离、氧化与活化、尺寸效应导致的氧化还原调控、生态与根际调控、表面清洗与绿色制造、面向生物医学与先进制造的功能递送与结构构建、先进制造的结构构建。 【结论与展望】 提出基础科学仍须从现象解释走向定量预测,技术体系仍须从“能测、能用”走向“可比、可信”,工程应用仍须从效果展示走向长期验证。认为未来更须要关注能耗、稳定运行、材料安全、生物安全、药剂削减、长期生态效应和经济性,并使微纳米气泡技术真正嵌入具体工艺链条;微纳米气泡技术的未来方向可以概括为机制清楚、参数可控、评价可比、场景可信。
关键词: 微纳米气泡; 颗粒学; 气液界面; 多相流; 标准化; 工程应用
Abstract
Significance This review defines micro- and nanobubbles as a special class of soft gaseous particles or gas-liquid interfacial particles. It reviews their historical development from gas-liquid dispersion, dissolved air flotation, and froth flotation to the discovery of nanobubbles, advances in generation technologies, standardization, and the formation of an academic community. Furthermore, it summarizes the scientific frontiers, technological system, engineering applications, and future challenges of this field.
Progress The concepts, characteristics, and disciplinary boundaries of micro- and nanobubbles are outlined. The development pathway of micro- and nanobubble technologies has been jointly driven by engineering phenomena, fundamental science, functional design, standard systems, and organizational platforms. The major scientific frontiers in advancing micro- and nanobubble research from phenomenological observation to mechanistic understanding include their existence and stabilization mechanisms; charge, adsorption, and mass transfer at gas-liquid interfaces; interfacial interactions of bubbles with particles, oil droplets, and microplastics; free-radical, non-radical, and interfacial reactions; and the integration of multiscale models with conventional multiphase-flow theories. The establishment of a technological system extending from bubble generation to performance evaluation depends on forming a closed loop among generation and preparation, flow-field regulation, characterization and detection, functional evaluation, and standardization. Engineering applications are evolving from isolated applications toward scenario-enabling integration, including enhanced gas mass transfer; interfacial capture and separation; oxidation and activation; size-dependent redox regulation; ecological and rhizosphere regulation; surface cleaning and green manufacturing; functional delivery for biomedical applications; and structural construction in advanced manufacturing.
Conclusions and Prospects Fundamental research needs to progress from phenomenological interpretation to quantitative prediction, the technological system is required to transform from being merely measurable and usable to being comparable and reliable, and engineering applications still need to move from demonstration of effectiveness toward long-term validation. Future research should place greater emphasis on energy consumption, operational stability, material safety, biosafety, chemical-use reduction, long-term ecological effects, and economic viability, thereby facilitating the integration of micro- and nanobubble technology into specific process chains. Overall, the future development direction of this field can be summarized as follows: clearly understood mechanisms, controllable parameters, comparable evaluations, and credible scenario-based applications.
Keywords: micro- and nanobubbles; particuology; gas-liquid interface; multiphase flow; standardization; engineering application
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GB/T 42845.1—2023 Fine bubble technology Characterization of microbubbles Part 1: Off-line evaluation of size index[S].
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GB/T 46918.2—2025 Fine bubble technology Evaluation method for determining gas content in fine bubble dispersions in water Part 2:Hydrogen content[S].
[88]GB/T 46918.1—2025 微细气泡技术 水中微细气泡分散体系气体含量的测量方法 第1部分:氧气含量[S].
GB/T 46918.1—2025 Fine bubble technology Evaluation method for determining gas content in fine bubble dispersions in water Part 1:Oxygen content[S].
[89]GB/Z 43996.2—2024 微细气泡技术 农业应用 第2部分:评价大麦种子发芽促进作用的测试方法[S].
GB/Z 43996.2—2024 Fine bubble technology Agricultural applications Part 2: Test method for evaluating the promotion of the germination of barley seeds[S].
[90]GB/Z 43996.3—2026 微细气泡技术 农业应用 第3部分:促进大麦种子发芽的超细气泡最低数量浓度指南[S].
GB/Z 43996.3—2026 Fine bubble technology Agricultural applications Part 3: Guidelines for the minimum viable number concentration of ultrafine bubbles for promoting the germination of barley seeds[S].
[91]GB/T 44376.1—2024 微细气泡技术 水处理应用 第1部分:亚甲基蓝脱色法评价臭氧微细气泡水发生系统[S].
GB/T 44376.1—2024 Fine bubble technology Water treatment applications Part 1: Test method for evaluating ozone fine bubble water generating systems by the decolorization of methylene blue[S].
[92]ISO 20304-1:2020 Specifies methods for evaluating ozone fine bubble water generating systems by measuring the decolorization of methylene[S].
[93]ISO/DIS 20304-3 An evaluation standard in development for determining ozone dosage during fine bubble ozonation when treating real industrial[S].
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[97]Wang Shuo, Liu Yunsi, Li Pan, et al. Micro-nanobubble aeration promotes senescence of submerged macrophytes with low total antioxidant capacity in urban landscape water[J]. Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 2020, 6(3): 523-531.
[98]Jin Nuo, Zhang Fenghua, Cui Yan, et al. Environment-friendly surface cleaning using micro-nano bubbles[J]. Particuology, 2022, 66: 1-9.