ISSN 1008-5548

CN 37-1316/TU

最新出版

大气气溶胶颗粒质量浓度测量技术研究进展

Research progress on measurement technologies for atmospheric aerosol particle mass concentration


滕国锋12, 余同柱1, 桂华侨12, 杨义新12, 董乐园2, 王焕钦1, 王健2

1.中国科学院 合肥物质科学研究院,安徽光学精密机械研究所,安徽 合肥 230031;2.合肥综合性科学中心环境研究院,安徽 合肥 230088

引用格式:

滕国锋, 余同柱, 桂华侨, 等. 大气气溶胶颗粒质量浓度技术研究进展[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2027, 33(2): 1-14.

Teng Guofeng, Yu Tongzhu, Gui Huaqiao, et al. Research progress on measurement technologies for atmospheric aerosol particle mass concentration[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2027, 33(2): 1-14.

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2027.02.011

收稿日期: 2026-08-05, 修回日期: 2026-08-21,上线日期: 2026-09-10。

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项,编号:2025ZD1201200;国家自然科学基金项目,编号:42577118;合肥综合性科学中心环境研究院科研团队建设项目,编号:HYKYTD2024006。

第一作者: 滕国锋(1998—),男(壮族),助理工程师,硕士,研究方向为大气颗粒物在线监测技术。E-mail:1554065038@qq.com。

通信作者: 余同柱(1987—),男,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为大气颗粒物监测技术研发。E-mail:tzyu@aiofm.ac.cn。

摘要: 【目的】 梳理大气气溶胶颗粒质量浓度测量技术的研究进展,总结各类方法的主要误差及其控制方法,分析各类方法的适用范围和发展方向。 【研究现状】 近年来,大气气溶胶颗粒质量浓度测量技术的研究重点已由单个仪器或测量部件的性能验证,逐步转向分析采样过程、颗粒物状态和长期运行条件造成的测量偏差;滤膜重量法研究从切割器性能、采样流量和滤膜称量,进一步延伸到采样期间吸附、挥发和水分变化造成的误差;锥形元件振荡微量天平法重点研究入口加热造成的半挥发性组分损失及其补偿,设备维护成本较高;β射线衰减法当前研究主要关注高湿、低浓度和采样入口污染对测量结果的影响,并通过湿度控制和采样流量校准减小误差;光散射法研究则从单台仪器校准,拓展到湿度对测量结果的影响,检验不同地点和季节校准关系的适用性验证,以及开展监测网络运行质量控制以及煤尘、施工扬尘和沙尘等特殊颗粒源测量。 【结论与展望】 提出滤膜重量法仍是颗粒物质量浓度参比测量的基础,锥形元件振荡微量天平法和β射线衰减法可用于连续监测,光散射法可用于快速变化过程和多点观测;认为低浓度条件下的颗粒物质量浓度的测量准确性、水分和半挥发性组分造成的偏差,以及长期运行中的校准稳定性,仍是今后须要进一步研究的问题。

关键词: 大气气溶胶; 质量浓度; 重量法; β射线法; 锥形元件振荡微量天平法; 光散射法

Abstract

Significance This study aims to review international and domestic research progress on techniques for measuring atmospheric aerosol particle mass concentration, summarize the major sources of error and their control methods, and analyze the applicable ranges and future development trends of each method.

Progress Recent research has shifted from evaluating the performance of individual instruments or measurement components to analyzing measurement biases caused by sampling processes, particle properties, and long-term operating conditions. Research on the filter-based gravimetric method has expanded from evaluating separator performance, sampling flow control, and filter weighing to investigating errors caused by adsorption, volatilization, and water uptake during sampling. Research on the tapered element oscillating microbalance method has primarily focused on losses of semi-volatile components caused by heated inlets and compensation for these losses, while maintenance costs remain high. Research on the beta attenuation method mainly addresses measurement biases under high humidity, at low concentrations, and when the sampling inlet is contaminated. Humidity control and sampling flow calibration are used to reduce these errors. Research on light scattering methods has progressed from calibrating individual instruments to correcting humidity effects, evaluating the applicability of calibration relationships across sites and seasons, establishing quality control procedures for monitoring networks, and measuring special particle sources such as coal dust, construction dust, and dust storms.

Conclusions and Prospects Filter-based gravimetric method remains the basis for reference measurements because it directly determines collected mass, supports traceability and uncertainty evaluation, and preserves samples for chemical analysis. Its long sampling period, however, limits the characterization of short-term concentration variations. The tapered element oscillating microbalance method and beta attenuation method provide continuous measurements and are suitable for routine ambient monitoring, provided that heating, humidity, low-loading response, flow stability, and instrument condition are controlled. Light scattering instruments offer rapid response, portability, and economical multi-site deployment, but their indirect mass estimates require local or source-specific calibration. Therefore, method selection should reflect the required temporal resolution, concentration range, aerosol type, environmental conditions, and purpose of the observations.

Keywords: atmospheric aerosol; mass concentration; gravimetric method; beta attenuation method; tapered element oscillating microbalance method; light scattering method

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