ISSN 1008-5548

CN 37-1316/TU

最新出版

粉尘浓度测量仪计量研究进展

Research progress on metrology of dust concentration monitors

张国城1, 盛静逸2, 李力3, 张琦1, 华放3

1. 北京市产品质量监督检验研究院,北京101300; 2.东南大学 生物科学与医学工程学院,江苏 南京 210009;3.合肥海岸鸿蒙标准物质技术研究院,安徽 合肥 230092

引用格式:

张国城, 盛静逸, 李力, 等. 粉尘仪计量研究进展[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2027, 33(1): 1-12.

Zhang Guocheng, Sheng Jingyi, Li Li, et al. Research progress on metrology of dust monitors[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2027, 33(1): 1-12.

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2027.01.017

收稿日期: 2026-07-10, 修回日期: 2026-08-05, 上线日期: 2026-08-31。

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目,编号:32301189。

第一作者: 张国城(1980—),男,正高级工程师,博士,国家级杰出计量领军人才,研究方向为颗粒计量及标准化。E-mail:gchzhang99@163.com。

摘要: 【目的】 针对粉尘气溶胶非均质、多干扰的固有特征及其计量溯源的复杂性,系统梳理粉尘仪计量技术与规范的发展历程。 【研究现状】 基于应用场景与检测原理建立粉尘仪分类体系,对比分析不同原理粉尘仪的计量层级、精度与工况适配性;围绕气溶胶校准装置,归纳雾化法、Wright刮削法与流化床法等发尘技术原理,阐述串联管路式、静态箱式、水平风洞式及模拟复杂工况式4类校准装置的结构特征与适用边界,重点剖析均匀性与稳定性的评价方法及其关键影响因素;提炼我国粉尘仪计量技术从滤膜称重比对、参考仪器比对到可控气溶胶直接溯源的三代演进逻辑,揭示现行通用规程覆盖不足、光散射法多参数耦合干扰、现场原位校准缺失等核心瓶颈。 【结论与展望】 展望面向智能化与现场化需求的计量技术发展方向,为我国粉尘仪计量质控体系的完善及行业标准制修订提供系统性理论参考。

关键词: 气溶胶; 粉尘浓度测量仪; 计量; 校准装置; 技术规范

Abstract

Significance Currently, numerous studies in China have focused on the structural design, optimization of measurement devices, and detection methods for dust monitors based on different principles. However, a systematic review and summary covering all categories of instruments, all types of calibration devices, all technical pathways, and domestic and international standard systems is still lacking. Based on this, this paper systematically summarizes the classification system and core measurement characteristics of dust monitors, the technical system of aerosol generation and calibration devices, the evolutionary pathway of measurement traceability technology, and the progress of standardization at home and abroad. It can provide a systematic theoretical reference for improving the measurement quality control system and revising industry standards for dust monitors in China.

Progress First, a classification system for dust monitors is established based on application scenarios and detection principles, and the metrological levels, accuracy, and working condition adaptability of dust monitors based on different principles are then compared and analyzed. Second, focusing on aerosol calibration facilities, the principles of aerosol generation technologies—including atomization, Wright scraping method, and fluidized bed method—are summarized. The structural characteristics and applicable ranges of four types of calibration devices (tandem pipeline, static chamber, horizontal wind tunnel, and simulated complex working conditions) are elaborated, with emphasis on the evaluation methods and key influencing factors of uniformity and stability. On this basis, the three-generation evolutionary logic of dust monitor metrology in China is summarized, progressing from filter weighing comparison, through reference instrument comparison, to direct traceability via controllable aerosols. The core bottlenecks are identified, including insufficient coverage of current general regulations, multi-parameter coupling interference in light scattering methods, and the lack of in situ field calibration.

Conclusions and Prospects Over the past two decades, China’s dust measurement technology has evolved from an initial stage, gradually establishing a calibration hardware system covering major detection principles, a multi-tiered metrological regulation and industry standard framework, and forming a distinctive dust and aerosol measurement technology system adapted to complex domestic working conditions and multi-scenario monitoring requirements. This system has comprehensively supported regulatory efforts in atmospheric environmental monitoring, occupational health in mining and industry, and industrial safety management. Currently, there are still several issues in the development of the dust measurement industry. 1) The evaluation methods for particle size identification error require further improvement, and the precise classification and measurement capabilities of light scattering sensors remain insufficient. 2) Low-cost micro dust sensors are numerous and widely used, but there is a lack of corresponding measurement supervision standards. 3) There is a significant discrepancy between laboratory calibration conditions and complex on-site conditions, leading to inconsistencies between calibration data and actual monitoring data. 4) Mature in-situ and portable on-site calibration techniques are lacking, making on-site traceability difficult. 5) National or industry standards for instruments of various scenarios and principles are scarce, which is detrimental to the construction of “one list and one database” framework. The continuous improvement of the dust measurement system can effectively enhance the accuracy, traceability, and consistency of dust particulate matter monitoring data, providing highly credible data support for fields such as ecological environment, occupational health, and industrial production. This will further promote the standardized, intelligent, and international development of dust measurement field in China.

Keywords: aerosol; dust concentration monitors; metrology; calibration facility; technical specification

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