虎攀智1，2， 杨建森1， 连泽立1
1. 宁夏大学 土木与水利工程学院， 宁夏 银川 750021； 2.中宁县农田建设服务中心， 宁夏 中卫 755100
引用格式：
虎攀智， 杨建森， 连泽立. 基于无损检测的沙漠砂砂浆抗压强度［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（5）： 1-12.
Citation:Hu Panzhi， Yang Jiansen， Lian Zeli. Study on compressive strength of desert sand mortar based on nondestructive testing［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（5）： 1-12.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.05.016
收稿日期： 2026-02-03， 修回日期： 2026-03-28， 上线日期： 2026-08-网上出版日期:19。
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52368038。
第一作者简介： 虎攀智（1997—），男（回族），硕士生，研究方向为高性能水利工程材料。E-mail：1796419659@qq.com。
通信作者简介： 杨建森（1971—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师，研究方向为新型建筑材料。E-mail：yjs508@163.com。
摘要： 【目的】 研究水胶比（水与胶凝材料质量比）及沙漠砂微集料效应对砂浆力学性能和水泥水化过程的影响机制。【方法】 采用回弹法和超声波法对不同水胶比条件下沙漠砂砂浆与普通砂浆进行无损检测，建立抗压强度D与回弹值m、超声波波速n的双幂函数模型D=5.503m0.681n-0.561，并通过游程检验检验模型在显著性水平α=0.05下的适用性，同时结合水化热与扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope， SEM）测试，分析沙漠砂微粒的微集料效应。【结果】 随着水胶比由0.33增大至0.67，沙漠砂砂浆28 d抗压强度由52.84 MPa降至22.74 MPa，降幅约57.0%。在相同水胶比条件下，沙漠砂砂浆抗压强度大于普通砂浆，抗压强度分别提高约25.2%、26.9%、39.8%和11.0%。此外，抗压强度与回弹值和超声波波速的双幂函数关系在显著性水平α=0.05下显著，可较准确地预测与评估沙漠砂砂浆的抗压强度；沙漠砂微粒细小且级配良好，可有效改善浆体致密性，促进水泥早期水化。【结论】 沙漠砂微粒兼具“滚珠式”微集料填充效应与晶核效应，可降低水化晶体成核势垒，促进早期水化，从而提高沙漠砂砂浆的抗压强度。
关键词： 沙漠砂砂浆； 抗压强度； 无损检测； 微集料效应； 水化热
Abstract
Objective This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which the water-to-binder ratio （the mass ratio of water to cementitious materials） and the micro-aggregate effect of desert sand influence the mechanical properties and cement hydration process of desert sand mortar， and to establish a nondestructive testing model for the compressive strength of desert sand mortar using the ultrasonic-rebound combined method. Furthermore， the strength enhancement mechanism is elucidated from the perspectives of the micro-aggregate filling effect and the crystal nucleus effect， providing theoretical basis and practical reference for the resource utilization of desert sand， the optimization of mortar performance， and nondestructive engineering testing.
Methods The water-to-binder ratios were set at 0.33~0.67， and 14 groups of 70.7 mm×70.7 mm×70.7 mm cubic mortar specimens were prepared， with three specimens cast under each condition. After curing in a standard curing room for 28 days， nondestructive testing analyses were conducted on the desert sand mortar （DSM） specimens. Normal mortar （NM） was prepared as a control group at water-to-binder ratios of 0.33， 0.39， 0.47， and 0.62. The rebound method and the ultrasonic pulse velocity method were employed for nondestructive testing on both DSM and NM under different water-to-binder ratios. A double power function model （D=5.503m0.681n-0.561） correlating compressive strength （D） with rebound value （m） and ultrasonic wave velocity （n） was established. The applicability of the model was verified via the runs test at the α=0.05 significance level. Additionally， the influence mechanism of the water-to-binder ratio on the compressive strength of DSM was analyzed through hydration heat and scanning electron microscope （SEM） tests， and the micro-aggregate effect and crystal nucleus effect of desert sand particles were explored.
Results The compressive strength was found to decrease with an increase in the water-to-binder ratio. As the water-to-binder ratio increased from 0.33 to 0.67， the 28-day compressive strength of DSM decreased from 52.84 MPa to 22.74 MPa， representing a reduction of approximately 57.0%. Under identical water-to-binder ratios， the compressive strength of DSM was significantly higher than that of NM， with increases of approximately 25.2%， 26.9%， 39.8%， and 11.0%， respectively. Moreover， the double power function relationship between compressive strength， rebound value， and ultrasonic wave velocity was shown to be significant at the α=0.05 level through regression analysis， indicating that the compressive strength of DSM could be accurately predicted and evaluated. It was also revealed that the fine particle size and well-graded nature of desert sand effectively improved the compactness of the paste and promoted early cement hydration.
Conclusion It is concluded that the correlation coefficients of the independent models relating compressive strength to either rebound value or ultrasonic wave velocity are lower than that of the ultrasonic-rebound combined model. Therefore， the evaluation of DSM compressive strength via the ultrasonic-rebound combined method is more precise. The goodness-of-fit for the double power function combined model reaches R2=0.975， with a root mean square error of 0.792 MPa， demonstrating that the compressive strength of DSM can be accurately predicted. The water-to-binder ratio is identified as the critical factor affecting the compressive strength of DSM. Under identical water-to-binder ratios， the overall compressive strength of DSM with good workability is higher than that of NM. The fine particles of desert sand exhibit both a “ball-bearing” micro-aggregate filling effect and a crystal nucleus effect. Their fine particle characteristics facilitate the filling of micro-pores between the paste and aggregates， optimize particle packing， and enhance the structural compactness of the mortar. Meanwhile， these particles provide nucleation and growth sites for hydration products， reduce the nucleation barrier of cement hydration crystals， and promote early cement hydration， thereby increasing the compressive strength of DSM.
Keywords： desert sand mortar； compressive strength； nondestructive testing； micro-aggregate effect； hydration heat
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