陈丽君^a， 吴杰^a， 张原源^a， 李逢美^a， 吴凤秀^a， 陈超余^b，c

江南大学 a.设计学院， b.教育部针织技术工程研究中心， c.纺织科学与工程学院， 江苏 无锡 214122

引用格式：

陈丽君， 吴杰， 张原源， 等. 基于复杂曲面的摩擦电纺织基传感器研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（6）： 1-26.

Citation:Chen Lijun， Wu Jie， Zhang Yuanyuan， et al. Research progress on triboelectric textile-based sensors for complex curved surfaces［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（6）： 1-26.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.06.009

收稿日期： 2026-03-31， 修回日期： 2026-06-06， 上线日期： 2026-08-07。

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52303055。

第一作者： 陈丽君（1989—），女，讲师，博士，研究方向为智能可穿戴。E-mail：lijunchen@jiangnan.edu.cn。

通信作者： 陈超余（1990—），男，副研究员，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为智能可穿戴。E-mail：chency@jiangnan.edu.cn。

摘要： 【目的】 为了解决摩擦电纺织基传感器在复杂曲面动态变形工况下输出稳定性与灵敏度不足的问题，开展基于微观尺度界面结构的系统性优化研究，实现高曲面适应性、高灵敏度与稳定电输出的协同提升。 【研究现状】 综述静电纺丝纤维网络、毛羽化表面及功能膜材3类微观摩擦电界面的研究进展；总结3类界面的共性机制：微纳结构诱导局部应力集中以放大微弱形变、动态接触重构维持有效面积统计稳定、功能材料增强电荷捕获与保持能力。 【结论与展望】提出未来应聚焦于规模化高精度微结构成型技术、多模态变形下界面电荷转移理论模型的建立、低成本高稳定性填料体系的开发，以及自供电传感与热湿管理、健康监测等功能的系统集成；认为通过多尺度协同设计与多功能一体化是推动摩擦电纺织基传感器走向全天候、多场景智能穿戴应用的关键路径。

关键词： 摩擦电纺织基传感器； 复杂曲面适应性； 微观结构设计； 静电纺丝纤维网络； 毛羽化表面

Abstract

Significance The triboelectric textile-based sensor has attracted significant scientific and technological interest. It not only covers the fundamental principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction， but also incorporates advanced microstructural design strategies for interface engineering， which makes it highly promising for wearable healthcare monitoring， human-machine interaction， and smart home applications. Specifically， high sensitivity and stable electrical output under dynamic deformation have enabled direct applications in joint motion detection， throat micro-movement monitoring， curved surface pressure mapping， and physiological signal acquisition， owing to their capability to conform to dynamic and irregular surfaces. Triboelectric nanogenerators have been developed for nearly a decade. In this century， electrospinning and advanced textile fabrication technologies have provided an ideal platform for constructing flexible sensing interfaces， and numerous studies have reported performance optimization based on material doping and structural engineering. However， such conventional planar interfaces cannot provide stable contact under complex curvature deformation， because the effective contact area fluctuates significantly due to the dynamic evolution of interfacial contact states during bending， stretching， and twisting. As an alternative， microstructured interfaces with excellent curvature adaptability， high specific surface area， reliable mechanical compliance， and enhanced charge trapping capability have become the most popular research focus and a hot research topic in the recent decade.

Progress So far， three main interfacial mechanisms have been exploited for complex curvature applications： electrospun fiber networks， fuzzy surfaces with micro-protrusions， and functional membranes， among which the electrospun fiber network is the pioneering one. In 2025， Chen et al. used coaxial electrospinning to incorporate Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉ perovskite into PVDF-TrFE， achieving 88.12% β-phase content and a sensitivity of 3.64 V kPa⁻¹ with stability over 50 000 cycles （Fig.1）. This study marks the first integration of molecular-scale polarity modulation with macro-scale fiber network design for curved surface adaptability. Subsequently， different material systems were introduced. Zhi et al. incorporated Cs₂InCl₅（H₂O） into PVDF-HFP， achieving a peak power density of 6.94 W/m². Wang et al. demonstrated TPU-AgNWs fibers with gauge factors exceeding 16 000， while Zhao et al. achieved a sensitivity of 4 257.25 at 600%~800% strain via dynamic interfacial cross-linking. Feng et al. modified silk fibroin with amino groups， enhancing the output by 1.67 times. Regarding fuzzy surfaces， Shen et al. developed biomimetic fur knitted fabrics with a pile density of 16 128 fibers/cm²， achieving a peak power density of 1.4 W/m² （Fig.2）. Wang et al. systematically investigated loop height effects in warp-knitted terry fabrics， obtaining a 150 V output in sliding mode. Zhong et al. constructed all-textile 3D TENGs with 8×6 pixel arrays using three-layer coaxial yarns， demonstrating a sensitivity of 36.9 kPa⁻¹. For multifunctional integration， Huang et al. developed thermal-regulating triboelectric textiles achieving radiative cooling of 18.4 ℃ （Fig.3）， while Cao et al. integrated phase change materials and photothermal coatings to achieve switchable thermal management and an enhanced output of 8 762 μW/m². For functional membranes， Zhao et al. prepared cellulose nanofiber aerogel films with a tensile strength of 104 MPa and multi-level porous structures （Fig.4）. Xu et al. designed kirigami-inspired sensors achieving an angular resolution of 0.327 5° through controlled buckling. He et al. developed wrinkled graphene-PDMS composites maintaining stable output up to 100% strain （Fig.5）. To overcome the issue of rigid electrode interfaces， Huang et al. exploited an incompatible interface design between rigid nickel-plated fabric and soft PDMS for high-precision vibration monitoring from 30 Hz to 100 Hz （Fig.6）.

Conclusions and Prospects The past decade has witnessed great progress in triboelectric textile-based sensors， enabling a wide range of new applications in curved surface scenarios. Different mechanisms， e.g.， electrospun fiber networks， fuzzy surfaces， and functional membranes， have been introduced into sensor design to demonstrate enhanced sensitivity， stability， and adaptability. However， most current strategies face critical challenges， including limited scalability of microfabrication techniques， insufficient long-term interfacial stability of multicomponent systems， and a lack of theoretical models for charge transfer under multimodal deformation， which undermines reliability and prevents practical applications on complex and dynamic curved surfaces. Thus， the development toward scalable， high-precision microstructuring technologies is undoubtedly the future trend. In addition， current performance parameters fall short of practical requirements for multi-scenario wearable systems， highlighting the need for improvement by employing new material systems and advanced structural designs. Parallel to performance enhancement， further expansion of sensor functionalities to include thermal management， self-powered sensing， and healthcare monitoring is also an important direction for next-generation smart wearable systems.

Keywords： triboelectric textile-based sensor； complex curvature adaptability； microstructural design； electrospun fiber network； fuzzy surface

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