ISSN 1008-5548

CN 37-1316/TU

最新出版

颗粒测试技术研究进展

Research progress in particle measurement technologies


沈建琪18, 葛宝臻28, 韩鹏38, 周婺18, 苏明旭18, 于海涛18, 吴学成48, 吕且妮28,朱晓阳58, 刘俊杰68, 周素红78, 高原78

1. 上海理工大学 物理学院, 能源与动力工程学院,上海 200093; 2.天津大学 精密仪器与光电子工程学院,天津 300072; 3.华南师范大学 物理与电信工程学院,广东 广州 510006; 4.浙江大学 能源工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058; 5.国家纳米科学中心纳米技术发展部,北京 100190; 6.中国计量科学研究院 环境计量中心,北京 100029; 7.北京市科学技术研究院 分析测试研究所(北京市理化分析测试中心),北京 100089;8.中国颗粒学会颗粒测试专业委员会,北京 100190

引用格式:

沈建琪, 葛宝臻, 韩鹏, 等. 颗粒测试技术研究进展[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2027, 33(1): 1-13.

Citation:Shen Jianqi, Ge Baozhen, Han Peng, et al. Research progress in particle measurement technologies[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2027, 33(1): 1-13.

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2027.01.014

收稿日期: 2026-06-25, 修回日期: 2026-07-02, 上线日期: 2026-07-14。

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目,编号:52376163、 52376162、52276167、91741129、 51576177、 61975058、 62275192。

第一作者: 沈建琪(1965—),男,教授,博士,博士生导师,上海市曙光人才、 浦江人才,研究方向为颗粒测试技术。E-mail:jqshenk@usst.edu.cn。

摘要: 【目的】 综述颗粒测试技术的研究现状,总结存在的不足,并提出潜在的研究方向,以期为颗粒表征技术的进一步发展、工艺优化及行业标准完善提供参考。 【研究现状】 在最近10 a中,颗粒测试技术发展迅猛,除了激光粒度仪、纳米粒度仪和颗粒计数器等常规商用颗粒测试仪器外,许多其他测试技术如图像法、彩虹散射、干涉粒子成像、数字全息、超声散射等都得到深入研究和显著发展;比较突出的是图像法测试技术,得益于成像器件的快速发展,图像法的理念发生根本性转变,许多新的构思得以尝试并实现;随着测试技术的不断进步,测试标准物质和测试方法的标准化工作有序推进,并取得丰硕成果。 【结论与望】 提出颗粒测试技术依托光学检测、微电子传感、计算机图像处理的交叉融合,以实现系统性升级;主流测试方法持续迭代优化,以有效适配重点领域的高速发展需求。认为对于复杂颗粒系,须发展更先进的反演算法和物理模型;加快建立针对颗粒形貌、成分谱等多维特性的国家标准和国际标准,掌握制定标准话语权;推动仪器向更高分辨率、更高灵敏度、更强抗干扰能力发展,以满足前沿领域的极端要求;推动颗粒传感器成为工业互联网的智能节点,构建基于颗粒数据的生产全链条智能决策系统;发展适用于活体生物颗粒、外太空颗粒物采集与原位分析的新技术和新仪器。

关键词: 颗粒测试; 激光粒度仪; 纳米粒度仪; 图像法; 超声法; 标准物质

Abstract

Significance To provide reference for the further development of particle characterization techniques, process optimization, and improvement of industry standards, this paper reviews the research status of particle measurement technologies, summarizes the existing limitations, and proposes potential research directions.

Progress Over the past decade, particle measurement technologies have made great progress. In addition to conventional commercial particle measurement instruments such as laser particle size analyzers, nanoparticle size analyzers, and particle counters, many other measurement techniques, including imaging method, rainbow scattering, interferometric particle imaging, digital holography, and ultrasonic scattering, have been investigated and significantly developed. Among them, image-based measurement technology stands out prominently. Due to the rapid development of imaging devices, the concept of imaging method has undergone a significant transformation, enabling the trial and practical implementation of many novel ideas. Furthermore, with the continuous progress in measurement technologies, the standardization of reference materials and measurement methods has advanced in an orderly manner and yielded fruitful results.

Conclusions and Prospects It is proposed that particle measurement technologies can achieve systematic upgrading through the interdisciplinary integration of optical detection, microelectronic sensing, and computer image processing, and that mainstream measurement methods should be continuously iterated and optimized to effectively meet the rapid development demands of key fields. For complex particle systems, more advanced inversion algorithms and physical models should be developed. It is urgent to formulate national and international standards targeting multi-dimensional particle characteristics, including morphology and composition spectra, to secure the initiative in standard-setting. Measurement instruments should be developed towards higher resolution, higher sensitivity, and stronger anti-interference ability to meet the extreme requirements of cutting-edge fields. Particle sensors should be developed into intelligent nodes of the industrial internet, and an intelligent decision-making system covering the entire production chain based on particle data should be constructed. Furthermore, novel technologies and instruments applicable to the collection and in-situ analysis of living biological particles and extraterrestrial particulate matter should be developed.

Keywords: particle measurement technology; laser particle size analyzer; nanoparticle size analyzer; imaging method; ultrasonic method; reference materials

参考文献(References)

[1] 蔡小舒, 苏明旭, 沈建琪, 等. 颗粒粒度测量技术及应用[M]. 2版. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2022.

Cai Xiaoshu, Su Mingxu, Shen Jianqi. Particle size measurement technology and applications[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2022.

[2] 李劲松, 翟学超, 桑德宣. 汽车尾气源和非尾气源颗粒物排放特征及测试方法研究综述[J]. 内燃机, 2026, 42(1): 1-10.

Li Jinsong, Zhai Xuechao, Sang Dexuan. Overview of emission characteristics and testing methods for particle matter from exhaust and non-exhaust sources[J]. Internal Combustion Engines, 2026, 42(1): 1-10.

[3] 胡华, 张福根, 吕且妮, 等. 激光粒度仪的测量上限[J]. 光学学报, 2018, 38(4): 0429001.

Hu Hua, Zhang Fugen, Lyu Qieni, et al. Measurement upper limit of laser particle size analyzer[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2018, 38(4): 0429001.

[4] 谢群,张福根,吕且妮,理想激光粒度仪及其测量下限与分辨力[J].激光与光电子学进展 2022, 59(13): 1329001.

Xie Qun, Zhang Fugen, Lyu Qieni. Ideal laser particle size analyzer and its lower limit of measurement and resolving power [J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2022, 59(13): 1329001.

[5] 葛宝臻, 潘林超, 张福根, 等. 颗粒散射光能分布的反常移动及其对粒度分析的影响[J]. 光学学报, 2013, 33(6): 0629001.

Ge Baozhen, Pan Linchao, Zhang Fugen, et al. Abnormal moving of scattered energy distribution and its effect on particle size analysis[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2013, 33(6): 0629001.

[6] Pan Linchao, Zhang Fugen, Meng Rui, et al. Anomalous change of Airy disk with changing size of spherical particles[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2016,17: 83-89.

[7] Guo Lufang, Shen Jianqi. Dependence of the forward light scattering on the refractive index of particles[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2018, 101: 232-241.

[8] 胡荣泽.中国颗粒测试30周年[C]//第十届全国颗粒测试学术会议,2015-9-9—12,辽宁省丹东市.Hu Rongze,et al. particle analysis in China 30 years [C]//The 10th National conference on particle analysis, Dandong, Liaoning, China, September 9-12, 2015.

[9] Briard P, Liu Zeqi, Cai Xiaoshu. Measurement of the mean aspect ratio and two characteristic dimensions of polydisperse arbitrary shaped nanoparticles, using translational-rotational ultrafast image-based dynamic light scattering[J]. Nanotechnology, 2020, 31(39): 395709.

[10] Wang Bingyao, Cai Tianyi, Cai Xiaoshu, et al. Polarized imaging dynamic light scattering for simultaneous measurement of nanoparticle size and morphology[J]. Particuology, 2024, 85: 213-223.

[11] Zhang Dechuan, Cai Xiaoshu, Zhou Wu. Two-dimensional self-adapting fast Fourier transform algorithm for nanoparticle sizing by ultrafast image-based dynamic light scattering[J]. Particuology, 2018, 41: 74-84.

[12] 陈远丽,Paul Briard,蔡小舒,基于图像动态光散射的二维纳米颗粒粒度测量[J].光学学报2019, 39(6): 0612005.

Chen Yuanli, Briard P, Cai Xiaoshu. Two-dimensional particle-size measurement of nanoparticles in imagery by using dynamic light scattering[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2019, 39(6): 0612005.

[13] 刘泽奇, 蔡小舒, Paul Briard, 等. 基于去偏振-偏振图像动态光散射的纳米棒尺度测量[J]. 光学学报, 2021, 41(21): 2129001.

Liu Zeqi, Cai Xiaoshu, Briard P, et al. Dimension measurement of nanorods based on depolarized-polarized image-based dynamic light scattering[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2021, 41(21): 2129001.

[14] GB/T 29024.2—2025 粒度分析 单颗粒的光学测量方法 第2部分: 光散射法液体颗粒计数器[S].GB/T 29024.2—2025 Determination of particle size distribution—single particle light interaction methods: Part 2: Light scattering liquid-borne particle counter[S].

[15] GB/T 29024.3—2025 粒度分析 单颗粒的光学测量方法 第3部分:光阻法液体颗粒计数器[S].GB/T 29024.3—2025 Determination of particle size distribution—single particle light interaction methods: Part 3: Light extinction liquid-borne particle counter[S].

[16] GB/T 29024.4—2017 粒度分析 单颗粒的光学测量方法 第4部分:洁净间光散射尘埃粒子计数器[S].GB/T 29024.4—2017 Determination of particle size distribution—single particle light interaction methods: Part 4: Light scattering airborne particle counter for clean spaces[S].

[17] GB/T 37163—2018 液压传动 采用遮光原理的自动颗粒计数法测定液样颗粒污染度[S].GB/T 37163—2018 Hydraulic fluid power—Determination of the particulate contamination level of a liquid sample by automatic particle counting using the light-extinction principle[S].

[18] 彭洁, 洪建文, 张军, 等. 《中国药典》2020年版四部试剂通则8001—8006修订的探讨与思考[J]. 中国药品标准, 2023, 24(4): 376-379.

Peng Jie, Hong Jianwen, Zhang Jun, et al. Discussion and thinking on the revision of the general chapters for reagents 8001-8006 in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020[J]. Drug Standards of China, 2023, 24(4): 376-379.

[19] 吴丹, 沈上圯, 刘佳琪, 等. 机动车尾气排放颗粒数浓度评价综述: 法规发展和监测技术[J]. 计量科学与技术, 2024, 68(1): 10-17.

Wu Dan, Shen Shangyi, Liu Jiaqi, et al. Review of motor vehicle exhaust emissions particulate number concentration: regulatory developments and monitoring technologies[J]. Metrology Science and Technology, 2024, 68(1): 10-17.

[20] 刘俊杰, 肖骥, 王静文, 等. 油基液体颗粒计数器校准用标准物质的研制及应用[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2018,24(6): 8-13.

Liu Junjie, Xiao Ji, Wang Jingwen, et al. Development and application of certified reference materials used for oil-based liquid automatic particle counter calibration[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2018,24(6): 8-13.

[21] Luo Long, German S R, Lan Wenjie, et al. Resistive-pulse analysis of nanoparticles[J]. Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry, 2014, 7: 513-535.

[22] Vogel R, Willmott G, Kozak D, et al. Quantitative sizing of nano/microparticles with a tunable elastomeric pore sensor[J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2011, 83(9)3499-3506

[23] Vogel R, Savage J, Muzard J, et al. Measuring particle concentration of multimodal synthetic reference materials and extracellular vesicles with orthogonal techniques: who is up to the challenge?[J]. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 2021, 10(3): e12052.

[24] 许人良. 颗粒表征的光学技术及应用[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2022.

Xu Renliang. Optical technology and application of particle characterization[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2022.

[25] 许人良. Zeta电位实用指南[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2023.

Xu Renliang. Practical guide to Zeta potential[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2023.

[26] GB/Z 139—2025 纳米技术 纳米颗粒数量浓度测量指南[S].GB/Z 139—2025 Nanotechnology Guidelines for measuring the quantity and concentration of nanoparticles[S].

[27] 刘慧芳, 周骛, 蔡小舒, 等. 基于光场成像的三维粒子追踪测速技术[J]. 光学学报, 2020, 40(1): 011014.

Liu Huifang, Zhou Wu, Cai Xiaoshu, et al. Three-dimensional particle tracking velocimetry based on light field imaging[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2020, 40(1): 011014.

[28] Xu Rixin, Cai Tianyi, Zhou Wu, et al. Particle size and depth measurement based on adversarial domain adaptation network[J]. Measurement, 2026, 257: 118880.

[29] Xu Rixin, Huang Zuojie, Zhou Wu, et al. Depth from defocus technique with convolutional neural networks for high particle concentrations[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2024, 66(1): 6.

[30] Xu Rixin, Huang Zuojie, Gong Wenchao, et al. Depth from defocus technique for irregular particle images[J]. Measurement, 2024, 238: 115156.

[31] Dong Xiangrui, Wang Xiaoxiao, Zhou Wu, et al. 3D particle streak velocimetry by defocused imaging[J]. Particuology, 2023, 72: 1-9.

[32] Yang Zhenyu, Cai Tianyi, Lin Shengnan, et al. 3D flow measurement of droplets in a microchannel based on a dual-camera depth from defocus imaging system[J]. Particuology, 2026, 112: 74-86.

[33] 韩雪, 周骛, 蔡天意, 等. 彩色图像边缘伪影的识别及去除方法[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2026, 32(2): 149-164.

Han Xue, Zhou Wu, Cai Tianyi, et al. Identification and removal methods of edge artifacts in color images[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2026, 32(2): 149-164.

[34] 黄作杰, 周骛, 徐喜庆, 等. 颗粒图像的颜色校准与表征[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2024, 30(4): 104-114.

Huang Zuojie, Zhou Wu, Xu Xiqing, et al. Color calibration and characterization of particle images[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2024, 30(4): 104-114.

[35] Wu Xuecheng, Jiang Haoyu, Wu Yingchun, et al. One-dimensional rainbow thermometry system by using slit apertures[J]. Optics Letters, 2014, 39(3): 638-641.

[36] Wu Yingchun, Promvongsa J, Wu Xuecheng, et al. One-dimensional rainbow technique using Fourier domain filtering[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(23): 30545.

[37] Wu Yingchun, Promvongsa J, Saengkaew S, et al. Phase rainbow refractometry for accurate droplet variation characterization[J]. Optics Letters, 2016, 41(20): 4672-4675.

[38] Wu Yingchun, Crua C, Li Haipeng, et al. Simultaneous measurement of monocomponent droplet temperature/refractive index, size and evaporation rate with phase rainbow refractometry[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 2018, 214: 146-157.

[39] Deng Zhiwen, Wu Yingchun, Wang Xinhao, et al. Three-dimensional rainbow refractometry[J]. Optics Letters, 2024, 49(13): 3761-3764.

[40] Wang Jiayi, Yu Haitao, Shen Jianqi, et al. Simulation of the optical caustics associated with the primary rainbow for oblate spheroidal drops illuminated by a Gaussian beam[J]. Optics Express, 2021, 29(1): 377-384.

[41] Wang Xinhao, Wu Yingchun, Lv Qimeng, et al. Secondary rainbow refractometry for droplet refractive index and size measurement[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2022, 149: 106831.

[42] Song Ningning, Wei Bing, Li Renxian, et al. Optical resonance and rainbow scattering of an electromagnetic Airy light-sheet by a dielectric sphere of arbitrary size[J]. Results in Optics, 2021, 5: 100143.

[43] Wu Xuecheng, Li Can, Cao Jianzheng, et al. In-situ characterization of gas-liquid precipitation reaction in a spray using rainbow refractometry[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University: Science A, 2018, 19(1): 86-94.

[44] Wu Yingchun, Li Can, Cao Jianzheng, et al. Mixing ratio measurement in multiple sprays with global rainbow refractometry[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 98: 309-316.

[45] Zhuo Zhu, Wu Yingchun, Wen Botong, et al. 3D locating and sizing of volumetric metal droplets with astigmatic dual-beam interferometric particle imaging at panoramic scattering angle[J]. Powder Technology, 2022, 404: 117465.

[46] Zhuo Zhu, Wu Yingchun, Wen Botong, et al. Modeling and experiment on 3D position and size measurement of opaque droplet cloud with astigmatic dual-beam interferometric particle imaging (ADIPI)[J]. Powder Technology, 2022, 395: 111-121.

[47] Wu Yingchun, Zhuo Zhu, Lin Zhiming, et al. Astigmatic dual-beam interferometric particle imaging for metal droplet 3D position and size measurement[J]. Optics Letters, 2021, 46(8): 1942-1945.

[48] Wu Yingchun, Lin Zhiming, Wu Xuecheng, et al. Dual-beam interferometric particle imaging for size measurement of opaque metal droplet[J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 356: 31-38.

[49] Lin Zhiming, Wu Yingchun, Wu Xuecheng, et al. Development of three configurations of dual-beam interferometric particle imaging for opaque metal droplet size measurement[J]. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2020, 129: 106069.

[50] Lu Qieni, Wang Leran, Yu Xiaoxue, et al. Corrected equations for the determination of a particle position using the interferometric particle imaging technique[J]. Applied Optics, 2019, 58(18): 5067-5073.

[51] Lu Qieni, Han Kan, Ge Baozhen, et al. High-accuracy simultaneous measurement of particle size and location using interferometric out-of-focus imaging[J]. Optics Express, 2016, 24(15): 16530.

[52] Lu Qieni, Yu Xiaoxue, Xu Jie. Detection of particle position from a linear interferometric out-of-focus image[J]. Optics and Laser Technology, 2019, 115: 81-89.

[53] Yao Kunyuan, Shen Jianqi. Measurement of particle size and refractive index based on interferometric particle imaging[J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2021, 141: 107110.

[54] Liu Xiang, Shen Jianqi, Gong Peng, et al. Inclusion of the tunneling phase shift for interferometric particle imaging for bubble sizing[J]. Particuology, 2021, 54: 50-57.

[55] Wu Xuecheng, Meunier-Guttin-Cluzel S, Wu Yingchun, et al. Holography and micro-holography of particle fields: a numerical standard[J]. Optics Communications, 2012, 285(13/14): 3013-3020.

[56] Wu Xuecheng, Zhu Dian, Xue Zhiliang, et al. In-situ measurement of size distribution and concentration in dilute particle flow with digital holographic probe[J]. Particuology, 2026, 109: 127-140.

[57] Wu Yingchun, Wu Xuecheng, Yao Longchao, et al. Direct measurement of particle size and 3D velocity of a gas-solid pipe flow with digital holographic particle tracking velocimetry[J]. Applied Optics, 2015, 54(9): 2514-2523.

[58] Wu Xuecheng, Li Xinwen, Yao Longchao, et al. Accurate detection of small particles in digital holography using fully convolutional networks[J]. Applied Optics, 2019, 58(34): G332-G344.

[59] Pang Zhentao, Zhang Hang, Wang Yu, et al. Recognition of multiscale dense gel filament-droplet field in digital holography with Mo-U-net[J]. Frontiers in Physics, 2021, 9: 522.

[60] Huang Jianqing, Cai Weiwei, Wu Yingchun, et al. Recent advances and applications of digital holography in multiphase reactive/nonreactive flows: a review[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2022, 33(2): 022001.

[61] Wu Yingchun, Wu Xuecheng, Wang Zhihua, et al. Coal powder measurement by digital holography with expanded measurement area[J]. Applied Optics, 2011, 50(34): H22-H29.

[62] Wang Lei, Wu Yingchun, Zhao Yue, et al. Off-axis hologram simulation and reconstruction of particle in a pipe[C]//Digital Holography and 3-D Imaging, 2022.

[63] Wu Xuecheng, Wu Yingchun, Zhou Binwu, et al. Asymmetric wavelet reconstruction of particle hologram with an elliptical Gaussian beam illumination[J]. Applied Optics, 2013, 52(21): 5065-5071.

[64] Wu Yingchun, Wu Xuecheng, Yang Jing, et al. Wavelet-based depth-of-field extension, accurate autofocusing, and particle pairing for digital inline particle holography[J]. Applied Optics, 2014, 53(4): 556-564.

[65] Wu Yingchun, Lin Zhiming, Zhuo Zhu, et al. Particle burning behaviors of Al/AP propellant with high-speed digital off-axis holography[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(3): 4401-4408.

[66] Wu Xuecheng, Yao Longchao, Wu Yingchun, et al. In-situ characterization of coal particle combustion via long working distance digital in-line holography[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32(8)8277-8286

[67] Wu Yingchun, Wu Xuecheng, Wang Zhihua, et al. Measurement of microchannel flow with digital holographic microsopy by integrated nearest neighbor and cross-correlation particle pairing[J]. Applied Optics, 2011, 50(34): H297-H305.

[68] Zhang Shiwei, Su Geyi, Niu Gege, et al. Simultaneous measurement of particle size distribution and mixing ratio based on Monte Carlo ultrasonic attenuation model[J]. Measurement Science and Technology, 2025, 36(2): 026014.

[69] Guo Ping, Niu Gege, Fan Fengxian, et al. Bubble interference in ultrasonic PMMA particle sizing: mechanisms and quantitative analysis[J]. Powder Technology, 468, 2026: 121691.

[70] 张世玮,李玉宇,孟磊,等. 基于超声的高浓度浆液两相流粒径在线测量, 化工进展,2024,43(2): 593-601.

Zhang Shiwei, Li Yuyu, Meng Lei, et al. Online measurement of particle size of high concentration slurry two-phase flows based on ultrasound method [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(2): 593-601.

[71] GB/T 29022—2021 粒度分析 动态光散射法(DLS)[S].GB/T 29022—2021 Particle size analysis—Dynamic light scattering (DLS)[S].

[72] GB/T 41949—2022 颗粒 激光粒度分析仪 技术要求[S].GB/T 41949—2022 Particle—Laser particle size analyser—Technical requirements[S].

[73] GB/T 21649.1—2024 粒度分析 图像分析法 第1部分:静态图像分析法[S].GB/T 21649.1—2024 Particle size analysis—Image analysis methods: Part 1: static image analysis methods[S].

[74] GB/T 44223—2024 纳米技术 动态光散射法粒度分析仪技术要求[S].GB/T 44223—2024 Nanotechnologies—Technical requirements for dynamic light scattering particle size analyzers[S].

[75] JJF 2060—2023 亚微米及纳米级颗粒粒度标准物质的研究 [S].JJF 2060—2023 Development of sub-micron and nano-sized particle reference materials [S].

[76] GB/T 42351.1—2023 颗粒标准样品的制备 第1部分:基于单分散球形颗粒尖桩栅栏分布的多分散标准样品[S].GB/T 42351.1—2023 Preparation of particulate reference materials: Part 1: Polydisperse material based on picket fence of monodisperse spherical particles[S].

[77] GB/T 42351.2—2024 颗粒标准样品的制备 第2部分:多分散球形颗粒[S].GB/T 42351.2—2024 Preparation of particulate reference materials: Part 2: Polydisperse spherical particles[S].

[78] 陈胜利, 朱秀芹. 动态光散射测量仪粒度标准物质的研制[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2024, 30(5): 121-131.

Chen Shengli, Zhu Xiuqin. Development of particle size standard materials for dynamic light scattering measuring instruments[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2024, 30(5): 121-131.

[79] 孟雪,刘冉,王冰玥等. 纳米/亚微米/微米粒度标准物质研究进展,计量技术,2020(1): 12-17.

Meng Xue, Liu Ran, Wang Bingyue, et al. Research progress of nano/sub-micron/micron particle reference materials[J]. Metrology Technology, 2020(1): 12-17.

[80] 姚尧,常子栋,田郁郁等. 微米级聚苯乙烯微粒标准物质研制,工业计量,2022(3): 7-11.

Yao Yao, Chang Zidong, Tian Yuyu, et al. Development of micron-sized polystyrene particle reference materials[J]. Industrial Metrology, 2022(3): 7-11.

[81] 陈胜利,朱秀芹. 激光粒度仪测量上限用毫米级粒度标准物质,中国粉体技术, 2024,30(1): 110-117.

Chen Shengli, and Zhu Xiuqin. Millimeter-scale particle size standard reference materials for measuring upper limit of laser particle size analyzers [J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2024,30(1): 110-117.

[82] T/CSP 14—2024 颗粒技术 实验室间比对指南 动态光散射仪粒度检测[S].T/CSP 14—2024 Particle technology interlaboratory comparison guide for dynamic light scattering particle size analysis[S].

[83] T/CSP 15—2024 颗粒技术 实验室间比对指南 激光粒度分析仪粒度检测[S].T/CSP 15—2024 Particle technology: interlaboratory comparison guide for laser particle size analyzers[S].

[84] 姜友新, 吴立敏, 周骛, 等. 基于显微图像法和数值仿真的宽分布颗粒粒度测量的不确定度分析[J]. 计量学报, 2023, 44(6): 975-980.

Jiang Youxin, Wu Limin, Zhou Wu, et al. Uncertainty analysis of measurement of wide distributed particle size based on microscopic image method and numerical simulation[J]. Acta Metrologica Sinica, 2023, 44(6): 975-980.

[85] 张文阁,刘巍,窦晓亮等. 基于准单分散球形颗粒制备多峰分布标准物质的研究[J].计量科学与技术,2022,66(9): 12-16.

Zhang Wenge, Liu Wei, Dou Xiaoliang, et al. Study on preparation of reference materials with multimodal distribution based on quasi-monodisperse spherical particles [J]. Metrology Science and Technology, 2022,66(9): 12-16.

[86] 路兴杰,陈滢錡,罗淇,等. 水基颗粒计数器颗粒数量浓度测量误差不确定度分析评定,计量与测试技术,2021,48(4): 113-116.

Lu Xingjie, Chen Yingqi, Luo Qi, et al. Analysis and evaluation of uncertainty of particle number concentration measurement error of water based particle counter [J]. Metrology and Testing Technology, 2021,48(4): 113-116.