余甜甜1，2， 肖罡1，2，3， 陈泽佳3，4， 胡贇1， 周磊1，2
1. 南昌大学 先进制造学院， 江西 南昌 330031； 2. 惠州金源智能机器人有限公司， 广东 惠州 516006； 3.江西铜业技术研究院有限公司，江西 南昌 330096；4.湖南大学 机械与运载工程学院， 湖南 长沙 410082
引用格式：
余甜甜， 肖罡， 陈泽佳， 等. 基于EDEM仿真的往复式布料过程优化设计［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（6）： 1-13.
Citation:Yu Tiantian， Xiao Gang， Chen Zejia， et al. Optimization design of reciprocating spreading process based on EDEM simulation［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（6）： 1-13.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.06.007
收稿日期： 2026-03-06， 修回日期： 2026-05-18，上线日期： 2026-06-30。
基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目，编号： 2023YFC3904200；国家自然科学基金项目，编号： 52471055； 江西省重点研发计划项目，编号： 20243BBG71033。
第一作者：余甜甜（2002—），女，硕士生，研究方向为机械结构设计、仿真及优化。E-mail： 15200333903@163.com。
通信作者：肖罡（1983—）， 男， 正高级工程师， 博士， 研究方向为工业智能装备数字化设计制造。E-mail：xg_1221@163.com。
摘要： 【目的】为了提升矿石光电分选效率和准确率，实现传送带上物料的均匀分布并避免搭接，提出一种往复式布料装置及系统设计。 【方法】 采用离散元仿真技术耦合多体动力学与颗粒流分析，结合正交实验设计，系统研究双布料板间隔、运动频率及传送带倾角对布料均匀性的影响规律，并完成参数优化。 【结果】 相较于布料板频率和传送带倾角，布料板间隔的极差最大；参数组合为布料板间隔为200 mm、布料板运动频率为0.4 Hz、传送带倾角为40°时，布料均匀度标准差由未加装分料仓和布料板的同工况对照组的0.423 3降至0.342 2，均匀度提升19.16%，布料效果最优。 【结论】 布料板间隔是影响布料均匀度的显著主导因子，且均匀度随布料板间隔增加而先增大后减小，所设计的往复式布料装置在最优参数组合下可有效改善物料分布不均及搭接问题。
关键词： 离散元法； 均匀布料； 参数优化； 正交试验
Abstract
Objective Photoelectric sorting is a core technological means in the mineral processing field to improve ore grade and recovery rate， which requires materials to pass through the sorting area in a uniform and stable single layer. However， traditional spreading systems rely on the inertia and gravity of material throwing， lacking active control of the flow trajectory， leading to lateral particle size and density segregation， significantly reducing sorting accuracy. The objective of this paper is to solve the problems of uneven spreading and easy overlapping and stacking of materials on the belt during ore photoelectric sorting， to design a reciprocating spreading device， and to determine its optimal structural parameters for enhancing sorting efficiency and accuracy.
Methods The mixing mechanism of the “feeding-rectifying-uniform spreading” three-stage coupling process of the reciprocating spreading device was analyzed， and the mechanical model of particles driven by the crank-link mechanism was studied. A three-dimensional model of the reciprocating spreading device was established in EDEM using the discrete element method （DEM）. Material parameters and contact models of ore particles （density 2 500 kg/m³） and the device were set. Under a rotational speed of 40 r/min and a generation rate of 6~18 kg/s， the spreading process was simulated at different spreading plate movement frequencies （0.4， 0.5， 0.6 Hz），spreading plate spacings （100， 200， 300 mm）， and conveyor belt inclination angles （10°， 25°， 40°）. The particle mass in each grid cell at each time step was exported from EDEM， and the standard deviation of cumulative particle mass was calculated using MATLAB as the uniformity evaluation indicator. Finally， a three-factor， three-level orthogonal experiment was conducted to determine the optimal structural parameters， and the optimization effect was verified by comparing with a control group without spreading plates.
Results and Discussion The results indicated that the uniformity change during the reciprocating spreading exhibited distinct characteristics at different stages.The standard deviation fluctuated greatly in the initial stage（indicating system instability），gradually stabilized in the intermediate stage， and finally remained at a low level. Spreading plate spacing， conveyor belt inclina-tion angle， and spreading plate movement frequency each exerted different effects on spreading uniformity. A spacing of 200 mm achieved a better spreading performance （standard deviation 0.382 1） than other spacings， a spacing of 100 mm easily caused particle jamming and blockage， while a spacing of 300 mm led to excessive dispersion of falling trajectories and edge accumulation. An inclination angle of 40° effectively suppressed edge accumulation， outperforming other angles. An angle of 10°resulted in static friction dominance， causing particle retention， while a larger angle exacerbated conveyor belt wear. The optimal spreading effect was achieved at a frequency of 0.4 Hz， which， when combined with a spacing of 200 mm and an inclination of 40°， achieved a dynamic balance between the sweeping rhythm of the spreading plate and material flow. Excessively high frequency caused particle splashing and diffusion， while too low frequency resulted in uneven material distribution.
Conclusion A three-level， three-factor orthogonal experiment is conducted with spreading plate spacing， movement frequency， and conveyor belt inclination angle as factors， and the standard deviation of particle mass at the discharge outlet is used as the evaluation indicator. Range analysis of the nine experimental groups shows that the influence of the factors on spreading uniformity， in descending order， is： spreading plate spacing > conveyor belt inclination angle >spreading plate movement frequency. The optimal spreading performance of the reciprocating spreading device is achieved at a spreading plate spacing of 200 mm， a movement frequency of 0.4 Hz， and a conveyor belt inclination angle of 40°， with a standard deviation of 0.342 2. Compared with the control group （standard deviation 0.423 3） without the distribution bin and spreading plates， the relative improvement in spreading uniformity is 19.16%， demonstrating a significant improvement.
Keywords： discrete element method； uniform spreading； parameter optimization； orthogonal experiment
参考文献（References）
［1］Sun Hongyuan， Ma Huaqing， Zhao Yongzhi. DEM investigation on conveying of non-spherical particles in a screw conveyor ［J］. Particuology， 2022，65： 17-31.
［2］Yuan Hao， Cai Yu， Liang Shifei， et al. Numerical simulation and analysis of feeding uniformity of viscous miscellaneous fish bait based on EDEM software［J］. Agriculture， 2023， 13（2）： 356.
［3］Gómez N N L， Matsunami K， Liedekerke V P， et al. Investigating screw-agitator speed ratio impact on feeding performance in pharmaceutical manufacturing using discrete element method［J］. Scientific Reports， 2024， 14（1）： 21234.
［4］Tran T V， Bui T N， Bui A T. Application of EDEM simulation for calculating and optimizing a closed coal fly ash screw conveyor［J］. Applied Sciences， 2023， 13（22）： 12169.
［5］乌云山丹. 降分级浅圆仓布料器结构设计及其对通风效果影响的研究［D］. 济南： 山东建筑大学， 2022： 5-7.
Wuyun Shandan. Structural design of a degradation-level shallow circular bin distributor and its impact on ventilation effect［D］. Jinan：Shandong Jianzhu University， 2022： 5-7.
［6］Roberts A.Chute performance and design for rapid flow conditions［J］.Chemical Engineering & Technology，2003， 26（2）：163-170.
［7］Wensrich C M. Evolutionary optimization in chute design［J］. Powder Technology， 2003， 138（2/3）： 118-123.
［8］Ye Fangping， Qiang Yuezhang， Jiang Weijie， et al.DEM-FEM coupling simulation of the transfer chute wear with the dyna-mic calibration DEM parameters［J］. Processes， 2021， 9（10）： 1847.
［9］智谦， 张福明， 韩志国， 等. 带式焙烧机均匀布料研究与应用［J］. 烧结球团， 2024， 49（4）： 57-62.
Zhi Qian， Zhang Fuming， Han Zhiguo， et al. Research and application on uniform distribution of straight grate［J］. Sintering and Pelletizing， 2024， 49（4）： 57-62.
［10］Wang Longhai， Chai Xiaoyu， Huang Juan， et al. Efficient and low-loss cleaning method for non-uniform distribution of threshed materials based on multi-wing curved combination air screen in CFD-DEM simulations［J］. Agriculture， 2024， 14（6）： 895.
［11］Wang Qing， Pan Cong， Liang Yuhang， et al. Pumping lightweight aggregate concrete into high-rise buildings［J］. Journal of Building Engineering， 2023， 80： 108012.
［12］Shahid M A ，Kumar R A，Sathyan S.Gravity-driven powder flow and the influence of external vibration on flow characteristics［J］. Particuology， 2024： 88201-88209.
［13］Yu Chi， Lin Dongdong， Xu Ningning， et al. DEM simulation of particle flow and separation in a vibrating flip-flow screen ［J］. Particuology， 2023，73：113-127.
［14］Chen Peng， Long Huang， Miao Pan， et al. Study of the stochastic dynamics of particles in the coal screening based on the Markov process［J］. Powder Technology， 2024，438： 119601.
［15］王凡， 刘龙繁， 肖罡， 等. 面向智能光电分选的矿石流仿真与工艺优化［J］. 铜业工程， 2025（2）： 10-18.
Wang Fan， Liu Longfan， Xiao Gang， et al. Simulation and optimization of ore processing for intelligent photoelectric sorting［J］. Copper Engineering， 2025（2）： 10-18.
［16］张磊， 吕向东， 展仁礼， 等. 基于实验研究分析金属矿山矿石构造对智能光电预选技术分选效果的影响［J］. 矿产综合利用， 2024， 45（6）： 131-134.
Zhang Lei， Lyu Xiangdong， Zhan Renli， et al. Based on experimental research and theoretical analysis of the effect of ore structure of metal mine on intelligent photoelectric pre-separation［J］.Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources， 2024，45（6）： 131-134.
［17］He Qi， Su Zhan， Qian Pengfei， et al. Research on the dynamic mechanism and multi-parameter collaborative optimization of a cantilevered conveyor trough in combine harvesters for vibration suppression［J］. Sensors， 2025， 25（23）： 7397.
［18］Tsunazawa Y， Kosaku Y， Kamo R， et al. DEM study on investigation of wet particle conveying efficiency in an inclined belt conveyor system［J］. Advanced Powder Technology， 2024， 35（7）： 104555.
［19］Zhu Changjiang， Long Haijian， Peng Zhihai， et al.Research on the optimization efficiency of secondary vibrating screening based on EDEM simulation［J］. Scientific Reports， 2026， 16（1）： 6746.
［20］Zhao Zhihao， Wu Mingliang， Jiang Xiaohu. A review of contact models’ properties for discrete element simulation in agricultural engineering［J］. Agriculture， 2024， 14（2）： 238.
［21］顿国强， 陈海涛， 冯夷宁， 等. 基于EDEM软件的肥料调配装置关键部件参数优化与试验［J］. 农业工程学报， 2016， 32（7）： 36-42.
Dun Guoqiang， Chen Haitao， Feng Yining， et al. Parameter optimization and test of key parts of fertilizer allocation devicebased on EDEM software［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering， 2016， 32（7）： 36-42.
［22］王福林， 尚家杰， 刘宏新， 等. EDEM颗粒体仿真技术在排种机构研究上的应用［J］. 东北农业大学学报， 2013， 44（2）： 110-114.
Wang Fulin， Shang Jiajie， Liu Hongxin，et al.Application of EDEM particles simulation technology on seed-metering device research［J］. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University，2013， 44（2）： 110-114.
［23］Yang Haipeng， Ma Guangguo， Zhao Wei， et al. DEM-based simulation study on the operational performance of a single horizontal shaft forced-action mixer［J］. Buildings， 2025， 15（15）： 2627.
［24］Ma Zheng， Wu Zhipeng， Li Yufei， et al. Study of the grain particle-conveying performance of a bionic non-smooth-structure screw conveyor［J］. Biosystems Engineering， 2024，238： 94-104.
［25］Liu Bin，Sha Liansen，Huang Kun，et al.A topology optimization method for collaborative robot lightweight design based on orthogonal experiment and its applications［J］.International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems，2022，19（1）： 141-142.
［26］Hossein M， Saeed M， Milad S K， et al. Prediction of asphaltene deposition dynamics in various microfluidic geometries using computational fluid dynamics［J］. Energy & Fuels， 2024， 38（9）： 7786-7800.
