刘俊辉¹， 郭拓²， 吴曼¹， 陈宇龙¹， 郭庆杰^1，2

1.青岛科技大学 化学工程学院， 山东 青岛 266000； 2.碳捕集与工业利用研究中心 江门双碳实验室， 广东 江门 529100

引用格式：

刘俊辉， 郭拓， 吴曼， 等. 核桃壳粉改性废弃风机叶片粉末填充聚丙烯复合材料的性能［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（5）： 1-13.

Liu Junhui， Guo Tuo， Wu Man， et al. Properties of walnut shell powder‑modified waste wind turbine blade powder‑filled polypropylene composites［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（5）： 1-13.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.05.009

收稿日期： 2026-03-22， 修回日期： 2026-05-05， 上线日期： 2026-06-18。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号 ：22379079、U20A20124；宁夏自然科学基金项目，编号：2022AAC01001。

第一作者： 刘俊辉（1999—），男，硕士生，研究方向为固体废弃物的资源化利用。E-mail：liujunhui2023@126.com。

通信作者： 郭庆杰（1967—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师，国家百千万人才，研究方向为化学链技术，碳捕集转化，固废资源化技术，能源化学工程。E-mail：qjguo@qust.edu.cn。

摘要： 【目的】研究核桃壳改性废弃风机叶片（wind turbine blades，WTB）粉末填充聚丙烯（polypropylene，PP）复合材料的性能，分析多相体系界面相容性与韧性改善机制，实现废弃风电叶片的高值化物理回收与多源固废协同利用。 【方法】 采用力学性能测试、 热重分析、 氧指数测试及扫描电子显微镜等方法， 分别探讨WTB添加量、 核桃壳粉（walnut shell powder，WSP）用量以及PP⁃g⁃MAH（马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯）-硅烷偶联剂KH-550协同界面改性对复合材料结构与性能的影响。【结果】 WTB的添加量为20~30 phr（每100份的树脂要配合添加的质量）时对PP呈现增强增脆效应， 所有填料最佳比的最终试件的拉伸与弯曲强度提升但冲击韧性下降；当 WSP添加量为20~25 phr时，复合材料拉伸强度、 弯曲强度与冲击强度分别为30.8 MPa、 36.1 MPa和34.8 J/m，较未添加体系分别提升6.9%、12.2%和15.1%； 经PP⁃g⁃MAH与KH-550协同改性后，界面结合显著改善，断裂形貌呈现韧性断裂特征；复合材料氧指数为25.6%，属可燃材料，热稳定性受WSP影响起始分解温度降低但成炭率提高。 【结论】 通过构建WTB-PP-WSP多元共混体系并实施双重界面改性，成功制备兼具良好力学性能与加工性能的高性能再生复合材料。

关键词： 废弃风力发电机叶片； 聚丙烯； 核桃壳粉； 资源化利用

Abstract

Objective Walnut shell-modified waste wind turbine blade （WTB） powder-filled polypropylene （PP） composites are high-performance recycled materials. However， their practical performance is largely governed by interfacial compatibility and overall mechanical properties within the WTB powder-PP system. Compared with a single WTB system， the introduction of walnut shell powder （WSP） enables synergistic enhancement of both strength and toughness， while also promoting the effective utilization of multiple solid wastes. As a result， impact resistance can be improved without a significant loss of rigidity. However， the main difficulty in constructing this multi-phase composite lies in the poor interfacial compatibility between the polar fillers （WTB powder and WSP） and the non-polar PP matrix， leading to filler agglomeration， interfacial debonding， and reduced toughness. To address this issue， a multi-component blending strategy combined with synergistic interfacial modification using PP‑g‑MAH and KH-550 is adopted. The effects of WSP content and interfacial modification on the mechanical properties， thermal stability， flame retardancy， and microstructure of the composites are analyzed. The research findings provide references for the high-value recycling of decommissioned wind turbine blades and the coordinated utilization of agricultural and industrial solid wastes.

Methods In this study， waste WTB powder and WSP were first divided into different formulation groups based on a multi-component blending system. The WTB powder was surface-modified with the silane coupling agent KH-550， and WSP was incorporated at varying contents to establish the base PP matrix formulation. Second， the composites were prepared via melt compounding and injection molding under different processing conditions， and the optimal processing parameters were determined. Then， the mechanical properties of composites with different WSP contents and different interfacial modifiers were tested to identify the optimal formulation for synergistic reinforcement and toughening. The effects of interfacial modification on the microstructural characteristics of the composites were quantitatively characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. According to the results of mechanical testing and microstructural characterization， the formulation parameters of the composites were optimized and validated via thermalgravimetric analysis （TGA） and limiting oxygen index （LOI） tests. Finally， the experimental results were compared with structural analysis to establish an efficient and stable multi-phase composite system with improved interfacial compatibility and balanced mechanical properties.

Results and Discussion Based on established formulation system， calculation results showed that under the same WSP content， the composite with 20 phr （recommended addition level per 100 parts of resin） of WTB powder showed increases in tensile and flexural strength of 6.9% and 12.2%， respectively， compared with the unmodified system. This confirmed the synergistic reinforcement of WTB powder and WSP. After dual interfacial modification using PP‑g‑MAH and KH-550， the interfacial bonding was improved. SEM results showed that the fracture surface transitioned from brittle fracture to ductile tearing， indicating enhanced interfacial adhesion. The optimal WSP content ranged from 20 phr to 25 phr， and the corresponding impact strength ranged from 34.8 J/m to 32.5 J/m， achieving a good balance of strength and toughness. As WSP content increased from 0 phr to 30 phr， the initial decomposition temperature decreased gradually. At the same time， the thermal stability in the low-temperatureregion decreased， while the char yield at high temperature increased rapidly from 2.3% to 8.6%. Under optimal conditions of 20 phr WSP and dual interfacial modification using PP‑g‑MAH and KH-550， the composite achieved a tensile strength of 30.8 MPa， flexural strength of 36.1 MPa， and impact strength of 34.8 J/m. The I_L reached 25.6%， and the char yield was 6.8%.

Conclusion The study prepares a high-performance recycled composite based on walnut shell-modified waste wind turbine blade powder-filled polypropylene using a multi-component blending and interfacial modification strategy. Introducing 20~25 phrWSP effectively increases impact strength to 34.8 J/m， a 15.1% improvement compared to the unmodified system. To overcome the toughness loss caused by WTB powder incorporation， using a dual interfacial modification system of PP‑g‑MAH and KH-550 is effective in improving interfacial compatibility within the multi-phase system. The results demonstrate that interfacial modification is the key factor determining stress transfer efficiency， and the synergistic modification strategy enables the improvement in mechanical performance of the multi-phase composite. The composite showed an LOI of 25.6%， indicating potential as an engineering material with further flame-retardant improvement. Overall， this approach provides an efficient route for high-value utilization of waste wind turbine blades.

Keywords： waste wind turbine blade； polypropylene； walnut shell powder； resource utilization

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