ISSN 1008-5548

CN 37-1316/TU

最新出版

低水胶比水泥胶砂的配合比优化与性能调控

Mix proportion optimization and performance regulation of cement mortar with low water-binder ratio

王伟泽, 张冲, 姜成帅, 徐毅, 张秀芝

济南大学 材料科学与工程学院, 山东 济南250022

引用格式:

王伟泽, 张冲, 姜成帅, 等. 低水胶比水泥胶砂的配合比优化与性能调控[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2026, 32(5): 1-12.

Wang Weize, Zhang Chong, Jiang Chengshuai, et al. Mix proportion optimization and performance regulation of cement mortar with low water-binder ratio[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2026, 32(5): 1-12.

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.05.008

收稿日期: 2026-03-19, 修回日期: 2026-05-06, 上线日期: 2026-06-16。

基金项目国家自然科学基金项目,编号 :52178211。

第一作者: 王伟泽(2001—),女,硕士生,研究方向为无机非金属材料。E-mail:2388808844@qq.com。

通信作者: 张秀芝(1974—),女,教授,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为高性能混凝土的制备及性能研究、大宗工业固体废弃物综合利用、功能水泥基材料制备及性能。E-mail:mse_zhangxz@ujn.edu.cn。

摘要: 【目的分析水泥胶砂的工作性能、力学性能及耐久性能的影响因素,制备综合性能优异的低水胶比水泥胶砂。 【方法采用三因素三水平正交试验法,确定胶砂比(胶凝材料和标准砂的质量比)、水胶比(水和胶凝材料的质量比)、SAC掺量(硫铝酸盐水泥(sulphoaluminate,SAC)替代基准水泥的质量分数)的最佳配合比;研究硅灰(silica fume,SF)、矿粉(slag,SL)、纳米二氧化硅(nano-SiO2,NS)、镁铝尖晶石粉(magnesium aluminum spinel powder,MAS)的掺量对水泥胶砂的工作性能、力学性能以及耐久性能的影响。 【结果 基准水泥、SAC、SF、SL与标准砂的总质量为2 kg、聚羧酸减水剂的质量分数为1%、养护龄期为28 d的条件下,当胶砂比为1.0、水胶比为0.18、SAC的质量分数为5%时,水泥胶砂的抗折强度为18.2 MPa,抗压强度为96.6 MPa,初始流动度为322 mm;掺入的SF、SL质量分数分别为5%、15%时,水泥胶砂试样的初凝时间、终凝时间分别为75.2、108.9 min,初始流动度、经时流动度分别为312、298 mm,抗压强度、抗折强度分别为101.5、22.1 MPa;掺入的NS的质量分数为0.3%时,水泥胶砂试样的流动度为295、272 mm,初凝时间、终凝时间分别为62、99 min,养护龄期分别为1、3、28 d时试样的抗折强度分别为13.7、19.7、23.5 MPa,抗压强度分别为62.6、85.8、108.1 MPa,电通量为384 C,综合性能最佳。 【结论胶比对流动度和抗折强度影响最显著,胶砂比对抗压强度影响最大;适量掺入SF、SL可以提高水泥胶砂的力学性能,适量掺入NS可以改善水泥胶砂的耐久性能。

关键词水泥胶砂;水胶比;胶砂比;硫铝酸盐水泥;矿物掺合料;外加剂

Abstract

Objective This study investigates the effects of fundamental mix proportion parameters, including the mass ratio of binder to standard sand (binder-sand ratio), the mass ratio of water to binder (water-binder ratio), and the mass fraction of Portland cement Type Ⅰ (P·Ⅰ) replaced by sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) (dosage of SAC), on the workability and mechanical properties of cement mortar with low water-binder ratio. The effects of mineral admixtures silica fume (SF) and slag (SL), as well as admixtures nano-silica (nano-SiO₂, NS) and magnesium aluminum spinel powder (MAS) on the workability, mechanical properties, and durability of cement mortar with low water-binder ratio are analyzed. On this basis, cement mortar with low water-binder ratio that shows excellent comprehensive performance is prepared.

Methods Three influencing factors, namely the binder-sand ratio, water-binder ratio, and dosage of SAC, were selected. A three-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental method was adopted to determine the optimal combination of binder-sand ratio, water-binder ratio, and dosage of SAC. The effects of the mineral admixtures SF and SL on the workability, mechanical properties, and phase composition of cement mortar with low water-binder ratio were investigated. The effects of the dosages of admixtures NS and MAS on the workability, mechanical properties, and durability of cement mortar were analyzed.

Results and Discussion Under the condition that the total mass of four types of cementitious materials and standard sand was 2 kg, the mass fraction of PCE was 1%, and the curing age was 28 d, the cement mortar exhibited a flexural strength of 18.2 MPa, a compressive strength of 96.6 MPa, and an initial fluidity of 322 mm at a binder-sand ratio of 1.0, a water-binder ratio of 0.18, and an SAC c of 5%. When the mass fractions of incorporated SF and SL were 5% and 15%, respectively, the initial setting time and final setting time of the cement mortar specimens were 75.2 min and 108.9 min, the initial fluidity and time-dependent fluidity were 312 mm and 298 mm, and the compressive strength and flexural strength were 101.5 MPa and 22.1 MPa. When the mass fraction of NS was 0.3%, the corresponding fluidity values were 295 mm and 272 mm, the initial and final setting times were 62 min and 99 min, showing favorable workability, and the specimens achieved the optimal mechanical properties with compressive strengths of 13.7 MPa, 19.7 MPa, and 23.5 MPa, and flexural strengths of 62.6 MPa, 85.8 MPa, and 108.1 MPa at the curing ages of 1 d, 3 d, and 28 d, respectively,while the electric flux was 384 C, which satisfied the durability requirement and endowed the mortar with the best comprehensive performance.

Conclusion The water-binder ratio exerts the most significant effect on fluidity and flexural strength, while the binder-sand ratio has the greatest influence on compressive strength. Appropriate incorporation of SF and SL can improve the mechanical properties of cement mortar, and reasonable addition of NS can enhance its durability.

Keywords: cement mortar; water-binder ratio; binder-sand ratio;sulphoaluminate cement; mineral admixture; admixture

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