闫 锦1a， 2， 张立强1， 罗 红1a， 胡 思3， 刘润卓1a， 吴庆定1a
1. 中南林业科技大学 a. 机械与智能制造学院，b. 湖南省林业装备工程技术研究中心，c. 长沙市特色经济林生产智能装备技术创新中心， 湖南 长沙 410004；
2. 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 机电工程学院， 湖南 长沙 410127；
3.长沙工业学院 机电工程学院， 湖南 长沙 410200
引用格式：
闫锦， 张立强， 罗红， 等. 杨木颗粒的形状和粒度对氧化铋-杨木复合材料性能的影响［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（4）： 1-12.
Yan Jin， Zhang Liqiang， Luo Hong， et al. Effects of shape and size of poplar particles on properties of bismuth oxide-poplar composites［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（4）： 1-12.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.04.014
收稿日期： 2025-08-19， 修回日期： 2026-04-08，上线日期： 2026-06-09。
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52205508；湖南省自然科学基金区域联合基金项目，编号：2024JJ7640；长沙市自然科学基金项目，编号：kq2202288。
第一作者：闫锦（1998—），女，助教，硕士，研究方向为木基无机纳米复合材料。E-mail：654702341@qq.com。
通信作者：张立强（1978—），男，教授，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为材料成型与应用。E-mail：21384881@qq.com。
摘要：【目的】解决由木质原料颗粒制得的板材的力学性能不足的问题，实现低质材料的高附加值利用和材料性能的可控优化。【方法】首先以氧化铋和速生杨木颗粒为原料，在氧化铋的质量分数为10%、不使用任何黏合剂的前提条件下，选取粒度分别小于等于180、425 μm的粉末状、纤维状杨木颗粒，按照质量比分别为1：0、3：1、1：1、1：3、0：1进行混合，采用温压成形工艺制备5种氧化铋-杨木复合材料试样；然后测试试样的静曲强度、弹性模量、压力-位移曲线、蠕变曲线、表面粗糙度以及试样断口微观形貌，评估试样的吸水率和吸水厚度膨胀率；最后分析不同粒度和粒度配比的杨木颗粒对氧化铋-杨木试样的力学性能、断裂特征和吸水性能的影响。【结果】随着纤维状杨木颗粒占比的增大，氧化铋-杨木复合材料试样的密度逐渐减小，静曲强度和弹性模量先增大后减小，表面粗糙度、24 h吸水率和24 h吸水厚度膨胀率逐渐增大，试样的断裂机制由脆性断裂逐渐趋向于韧性断裂；当粉末状与纤维状杨木颗粒的质量比为1：3时，试样的静曲强度可达到最大值75 MPa；当粉末状与纤维状杨木颗粒的质量比为3：1时，弹性模量可达最大值7 433 MPa； 当粉末状与纤维状杨木颗粒的质量比为1：1时，试样的稳态蠕变应力可达最大值2.66 MPa，总应变可达最小值0.058，试样进入稳态蠕变阶段最慢，表现出较好的结构稳定性和安全性。【结论】粉末状、纤维状杨木颗粒按照合适的质量比进行配置可产生协同效应，使得氧化铋-杨木复合材料的综合性能最优。
关键词：氧化铋；杨木颗粒；质量比；复合材料；力学性能；吸水性能
Abstract
Objective In order to solve the problem of insufficient mechanical properties of panels made from wood raw material particles and achieve high-value-added utilization of low-quality materials， the synergistic effect between poplar particles of different shapes and sizes is investigated， and the influences of particle shape， size， and their proportions on the properties of bismuth oxide-poplar composites are analyzed， aiming to achieve controllable optimization of material properties.
Methods First， using bismuth oxide and fast-growing poplar particles as raw materials， and under the conditions of a bismuth oxide mass fraction of 10% without any binder， powdered and fibrous poplar particles with sizes ≤ 180 μm and ≤ 425 μm were selected. The mass ratios of powdered to fibrous poplar particles were set to 1：0， 3：1， 1：1， 1：3， and 0：1， respectively. Five types of bismuth oxide-poplar composite specimens were prepared via warm-press forming process. Subsequently， the static bending strength and modulus of elasticity of the specimens were tested using a universal testing machine， and the stress-time and strain-time curves were obtained through compression creep tests. The fracture microstructure and surface roughness of the specimens were observed using a scanning electron microscope and a surface roughness tester， respectively. The water absorption rate and thickness swelling rate of the specimens were evaluated through 24 h water immersion tests. Finally， the effects of poplar particles with different sizes and size ratios on the mechanical properties， fracture characteristics， and water absorption of the bismuth oxide-poplar specimens were analyzed.
Results and Discussion As the proportion of fibrous poplar particles increased， the density of the bismuth oxide-poplar composite specimens gradually decreased， while the static bending strength and modulus of elasticity first increased and then decreased. The surface roughness， 24 h water absorption rate， and 24 h thickness swelling rate increased progressively， and the fracture mechanism of the specimens gradually shifted from brittle fracture to ductile fracture. When the mass ratio of powdered poplar particles to fibrous poplar particles was 1：3， the static bending strength of the specimens reached a maximum of 75 MPa. At a mass ratio of 3：1， the modulus of elasticity attained a maximum of 7 433 MPa. At a mass ratio of 1：1， the specimens exhibited the steady-state creep stress value of 2.66 MPa and the minimum total strain value of 0.058. Under these conditions， specimens exhibited the slowest transition into the steady-state creep stage， indicating good structural stability and safety.
Conclusion The shape and size of poplar particles have a significant effect on the properties of bismuth oxide-poplar composites. Mixing powdered and fibrous poplar particles at an appropriate mass ratio can produce a synergistic effect， leading to optimal overall performance of the composite.
Keywords： bismuth oxide；poplar particle； mass ratio； composite； mechanical property； water absorption property
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