肖 振^1a，1c， 魏 乐^1a， 金常宝^1a， 杜明洋^1a， 刘梦君^1a， 霍学标^1a， 贺 彬²， 王亚娟^1b， 徐智超^1b，王守仁^1a，1c

1. 济南大学 a.机械工程学院， b.材料科学与工程学院， c.山东省金属关键构件表面处理与智能装备重点实验室， 山东 济南 250022； 

2.日照港油品码头有限公司， 山东 日照 276800

引用格式：

肖振，魏乐，金常宝，等. 兼具长效超疏水性和高耐磨性的铝合金表面复合涂层的制备［J］. 中国粉体技术，2026，32（4）：1-10.

Xiao Zhen， Wei Le， Jin Changbao， et al. Preparation of composite coating on aluminum alloy surfaces with long-term superhydrophobicity and high wear resistance［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（4）： 1-10.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.04.007

收稿日期： 2025-10-12， 修回日期： 2026-04-24， 上线日期： 2026-06-05。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52375183； 济南市“高校20条”项目，编号：202534079。

第一作者：肖振（1987—），男，讲师，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为超浸润材料的摩擦磨损行为。E-mail：me_xiaoz@ujn.edu.cn。

通信作者：王守仁（1966—），男，教授，博士，山东省泰山学者特聘专家，博士生导师，研究方向为材料强化技术与摩擦学研究。E-mail：me_wangsr@ujn.edu.cn。

摘要：【目的】为了解决在恶劣工况下铝合金表面的疏水性能与耐磨性能均不足的问题，结合激光熔覆技术、飞秒激光微纳结构技术、 低表面能修饰技术以及复合涂覆技术，制备兼具长效超疏水性与高耐磨性的铝合金表面的复合涂层。【方法】首先采用激光熔覆技术在5052铝合金基体表面制备Al-18Si-5Mn-5Ni-3Ag合金熔覆层，然后采用飞秒激光器在合金熔覆层上构建蜂窝状微纳表面结构，随后对蜂窝状微纳表面结构进行1H，1H，2H，2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷（perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane，FAS）改性，接着采用氟乙烯乙烯醚（fluoroethylene vinyl ether，FEVE）共聚物树脂颗粒将改性二氧化硅（modified SiO₂）颗粒黏附在FAS改性层上面，形成改性 SiO₂-FEVE涂层。【结果】经FAS改性后铝合金表面的波峰最大值约为0.75 μm，铝合金表面的水接触角、滚动角分别为156°、7.1°，铝合金表面已具备超疏水性能；摩擦循环次数为50、100时的水接触角分别快速降至137°、116°，疏水性能大幅降低。当FEVE树脂颗粒与改性SiO₂颗粒的质量比为50：1时，涂覆改性SiO₂-FEVE后铝合金表面的波峰最大值约为0.65 μm，水接触角、滚动角分别为157°、6.3°，疏水性能得到提高；在摩擦循环次数为50、100时的水接触角分别仅降至154°、152°，表明超疏水性能具有长效性。【结论】在铝合金基体表面上制得了由合金熔覆层、FAS改性层、改性SiO₂-FEVE涂层3种材料组成的复合涂层。复合涂层的超疏水性能稳定长效，耐磨性能大幅提高，制备工艺环保、高效、成本可控。

关键词：铝合金；复合涂层；长效超疏水性能；耐磨性能

Abstract

Objective To address the issue of insufficient hydrophobicity and wear resistance on aluminum alloy surfaces under harsh conditions， a composite coating with long-term superhydrophobicity and high wear resistance is prepared on the aluminum alloy surface by integrating laser cladding technology， femtosecond laser micro-nano structure technology， low surface energy modification technology， and composite coating technology.

Methods First， an Al-18Si-5Mn-5Ni-3Ag alloy cladding layer was prepared on the surface of 5052 aluminum alloy substrate using laser cladding technology. Then， a honeycomb-like micro-nano surface structure was constructed on the alloy cladding layer using a femtosecond laser. Subsequently， the structured surface was modified with 1H，1H，2H，2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane （FAS）. Next， modified SiO₂ particles were adhered onto the FAS-modified layer using fluoroethylene vinyl ether （FEVE） copolymer resin particles， forming a modified SiO₂-FEVE coating.

Results and Discussion After FAS modification， the maximum peak value of the aluminum alloy surface isapproximately 0.75 μm. The water contact angle and rolling angle of the aluminum alloy surface are 156° and 7.1°， respectively， indicating that the aluminum alloy surface has achieved superhydrophobicity. However， after 50 and 100 friction cycles， the water contact angle of the aluminum alloy surface modified by FAS rapidly dropped to 137° and 116°， respectively， and the hydrophobic performance significantly decreased. When the mass ratio of FEVE resin particles to modified SiO₂ particles is 50：1， the maximum peak value of the aluminum alloy surface coated with modified SiO₂-FEVE is approximately 0.65 μm， and the water contact angle and rolling angle are 157°and 6.3°， respectively， indicating enhanced superhydrophobicity. After 50 and 100 friction cycles， the water contact angle only dropped to 154° and 152°， respectively， indicating that the superhydrophobic performance of the modified coating has long-term stability.

Conclusion A composite coating composed of three materials—an alloy cladding layer， an FAS-modified layer， and a modified SiO₂-FEVE coating—is fabricated on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate. The composite coating exhibits stable and long-lasting superhydrophobicity with significantly improved wear resistance. Moreover， the preparation process is environmentally friendly， efficient， and cost-controllable.

Keywords： aluminum alloy； composite coating； long-term superhydrophobic performance； wear resistance

参考文献（References）

［1］Ganesan K， Selvan D K， Madhu M， et al. Mechanical behaviour and low cycle fatigue performance of plasma sprayed ZrO₂ coated Al-7075-T6 alloy under subzero temperature condition［J］. Journal of Alloys and Compounds， 2025， 1016： 178950.

［2］Neinhuis C. Characterization and distribution of water-repellent， self-cleaning plant surfaces［J］. Annals of Botany， 1997，79（6）： 667-677.

［3］Yang Haining， Wang Shouren， Duan Xunan， et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-18Si-10Cu-10Ni-5Mn（-5Mg） heat-resistant aluminum alloys prepared by laser-directed energy deposition ［J］. Materials Science and Engineering： A， 2023， 883： 145512.

［4］Saleema N， Sarkar D K， Gallant D， et al. Chemical nature of superhydrophobic aluminum alloy surfaces produced via a one-step process using fluoroalkyl-silane in a base medium［J］. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces， 2011， 3（12）： 4775-4781.

［5］Tan Dezhi， Sharafudeen K N， Yue Yuanzheng， et al. Femtosecond laser induced phenomena in transparent solid materials： fundamentals and applications［J］. Progress in Materials Science， 2016， 76： 154-228.

［6］Khorasani M T， Mirzadeh H， Kermani Z. Wettability of porous polydimethylsiloxane surface： morphology study［J］. Applied Surface Science， 2005， 242（3/4）： 339-345.

［7］Li Xingwei， Bian Chaoqing， Chen Wei， et al. Polyaniline on surface modification of diatomite： a novel way to obtain conducting diatomite fillers［J］. Applied Surface Science， 2003， 207（1/2/3/4）： 378-383.

［8］Xiao Zhen， Chen Chujun， Liu Siqi， et al. Endowing durable icephobicity by combination of a rough powder coating and a superamphiphobic coating［J］. Chemical Engineering Journal， 2024， 482： 149001.

［9］韩晓玉，陶振菲，王运利. 硬脂酸钠改性丝素粉体及其在油水分离中的应用［J］. 中国粉体技术，2023，29（4）： 130-137.

Han Xiaoyu， Tao Zhenfei， Wang Yunli. Application of sodium stearate modified silk powder in oil-water separation［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2023， 29（4）： 130-137.

［10］Hadjar H， Hamdi B， Jaber M， et al. Elaboration and characterisation of new mesoporous materials from diatomite and charcoal［J］. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials， 2008， 107（3）： 219-226.

［11］Catelli R， Casola V， De Pietro G， et al. Combining contextualized word representation and sub-document level analysis through Bi-LSTM+CRF architecture for clinical de-identification［J］. Knowledge-Based Systems， 2021， 213： 106649.

［12］Xin Guoqiang， Wu Congyi， Liu Weinan， et al. Anti-corrosion superhydrophobic surfaces of Al alloy based on micro-protrusion array structure fabricated by laser direct writing［J］. Journal of Alloys and Compounds， 2021， 881： 160649.

［13］Zhang Dongshi， Liu Ruijie， Li Zhuguo. Irregular LIPSS produced on metals by single linearly polarized femtosecond laser［J］. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing， 2022， 4（1）： 015102.

［14］Borodaenko Y， Syubaev S， Gurbatov S， et al. Deep subwavelength laser-induced periodic surface structures on silicon as a novel multifunctional biosensing platform［J］. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces， 2021， 13（45）： 54551-54560.

［15］Prudent M， Iabbaden D， Bourquard F， et al. High-density nanowells formation in ultrafast laser-irradiated thin film metallic glass［J］. Nano-Micro Letters， 2022， 14（1）： 103.

［16］Nakhoul A， Rudenko A， Maurice C， et al. Boosted spontaneous formation of high-aspect ratio nanopeaks on ultrafast laser-irradiated Ni surface［J］. Advanced Science， 2022， 9（21）： 2200761.

［17］Sedao X， Abou Saleh A， Rudenko A， et al. Self-arranged periodic nanovoids by ultrafast laser-induced near-field enhancement［J］. ACS Photonics， 2018， 5（4）： 1418-1426.

［18］Bernagozzi I， Antonini C， Villa F， et al. Fabricating superhydrophobic aluminum： an optimized one-step wet synthesis using fluoroalkyl silane［J］. Colloids and Surfaces A： Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects， 2014， 441： 919-924.

［19］Brassard J D， Sarkar D K， Perron J. Fluorine based superhydrophobic coatings［J］. Applied Sciences， 2012， 2（2）： 453-464.

［20］Cao Yue， Hua Ke， Sun Linghong， et al. Laser cladding combined with surface texturing on Ti-Al-C-N composite coatings： a synergistic approach to enhance friction reduction［J］. Tribology International， 2025， 212： 110951.

［21］Wang Lixin， Zheng Zhong， Wang Congcong， et al. Nepenthes inspired superhydrophobic surfaces with multiple functions via femtosecond laser and chemical fluorination［J］. Results in Engineering， 2025， 26： 104968.

［22］Zhang Huaqiu， Liu Hongtao， Chen Tianchi， et al. Fabrication of a fast curing super-hydrophobic FEVE/MMA coating and its property research［J］. Materials Science and Engineering： B， 2021， 263： 114746.