孙吉书^1a，1b， 解韶康^1a，1b， 张 民²， 李 辉^1a， 刘岚彬^1a

1.河北工业大学 a.土木与交通学院，b.河北省土木工程技术研究中心，天津 300401；2.天津高速公路集团有限公司，天津 300384

引用格式：

孙吉书，解韶康，张民，等. 分形维数与粒度级配协同调控下再生集料破碎性能［J］. 中国粉体技术，2026，32（4）：1-11.

Sun Jishu， Xie Shaokang， Zhang Min， et al. Study on crushing performance of recycled aggregates under collaborative control of fractal dimension and particle size distribution［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（4）： 1-11.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.04.013

收稿日期： 2025-10-26， 修回日期： 2026-03-12，上线日期： 2026-05-19。

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52378231。

第一作者： 孙吉书（1976—），男，副教授，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为道路工程材料。E-mail：sunjishu76@qq.com。

摘要：【目的】研究建筑垃圾再生集料在工程应用中因颗粒破碎而引发的粒度级配劣化与力学性能衰减问题。【方法】基于分形几何理论提出粒度级配优化方法，通过击实试验，研究以不同粒径再生集料替代天然集料时，再生集料的破碎性能，构建以再生集料的分形维数-相对破碎率-破碎指数协同表征破碎状态的多指标体系。【结果】当采用粒径为9.5~19 mm的再生集料替代天然集料时，相对破碎率与破碎指数均随再生集料体积分数的增大而增大；当采用粒径为19.1~26.5 mm的再生集料替代天然集料时，相对破碎率与破碎指数均呈先减小后增大的趋势，且在再生集料体积分数为60%时抗破碎性最优；当同时使用粒径为9.5~19 mm、19.1~26.5 mm的再生集料替代天然集料时，体系在再生集料体积分数不超过80%时相对稳定，超过后相对破碎率与破碎指数均急剧增大；在以单一粒径再生集料替代天然集料的体系中，分形维数增长率分别与相对破碎率、破碎指数显著线性相关。【结论】依据集料粒径-质量关联模型调整后的再生集料破碎情况与预测偏差较小，模型具有可靠性，调整后的抗压强度由原不满足工程要求提升至满足要求。

关键词：再生集料；颗粒破碎；分形维数；级配调控；无侧限抗压强度

Abstract

Objective This study addresses the issue that recycled aggregates from construction waste are prone to particle crushing under compaction during road construction， which leads to gradation deterioration and a decline in mechanical properties. The study investigates the crushing characteristics and evolution of mixtures incorporating recycled aggregates of different particle sizes and volume fractions， and explores the relationship between changes in recycled aggregate gradation and crushing performance， thereby providing a theoretical basis for the rational application of recycled aggregates in road bases.

Methods Recycled concrete aggregates and recycled brick aggregates from construction waste were used as the research object. Using the equal volume replacement method， recycled aggregates with particle sizes of 9.5-19 mm， 19.1-26.5 mm， and a mixture of 9.5-19 mm and 19.1-26.5 mm were used to replace natural aggregates at volume fractions of 20%， 40%， 60%， 80%， and 100%. A total of 15 groups of compaction tests were designed. Sieve analysis was conducted to obtain the gradation changes of aggregates before and after the compaction tests. The relative crushing rate and crushing index were employed to quantitatively evaluate the crushing degree of aggregates. Based on a particle size-mass correlation model， the fractal dimension and its growth rate of aggregates before and after the compaction tests were calculated. The correlation between fractal dimension growth rate， relative crushing rate， and crushing index was then analyzed. For test groups where the aggregate gradation after the compaction tests did not meet the specification requirements， fractal dimension back-calculation and gradation optimization were performed. The effectiveness of the gradation optimization was verified through 7-day unconfined compressive strength tests.

Results and Discussion When recycled aggregates with a particle size of 9.5-19 mm replaced natural aggregates， the relative crushing rate， crushing index， and fractal dimension growth rate all continuously increased with the increasing volume fraction of recycled aggregates. When recycled aggregates with a particle size of 19.1-26.5 mm replaced natural aggregates， the relative crushing rate， crushing index， and fractal dimension growth rate all showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing， reaching their minimum values at a recycled aggregate volume fraction of 60%， indicating the optimal crushing resistance of the system. When a mixture of recycled aggregates with particle sizes of 9.5-19 mm and 19.1-26.5 mm was used to replace natural aggregates， the relative crushing rate， crushing index， and fractal dimension growth rate showed little change when the volume fraction did not exceed 80%. However， when the volume fraction reached 100%， these values increased sharply. Correlation analysis between fractal dimension growth rate， relative crushing rate， and crushing index indicated that when natural aggregates were replaced by recycled aggregates of a single particle size， the fractal dimension growth rate had a significant positive linear correlation with both the relative crushing rate and the crushing index， respectively. For test groups where the aggregate gradation after compaction tests did not meet the specification requirements， fractal dimension back-calculation and gradation optimization were performed using the aggregate particle size-mass correlation model. After optimization， the aggregate gradations all met the specification requirements. The 7-day unconfined compressive strength tests showed that the compressive strength of the samples was significantly improved after gradation optimization.

Conclusion The multi-index collaborative evaluation system of fractal dimension， relative crushing rate， and crushing index， when natural aggregates are replaced by recycled aggregates of a single particle size， consistently and effectively characterizes the crushing behavior of recycled aggregates from three different dimensions—geometric morphology evolution， particle size distribution， and particle crushing degree. This demonstrates the rationality and effectiveness of the system. The aggregate particle size-mass correlation model based on fractal geometry theory can accurately describe the gradation evolution patterns of recycled aggregates and can be used to guide the gradation optimization of recycled aggregates， showing good engineering applicability.

Keywords： recycled aggregate； particle crushing； fractal dimension； gradation control； unconfined compressive strength

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