1. 济南大学 前沿交叉科学研究院，山东 济南 250022；2. 济南大学 智能材料与工程研究院，山东 济南 250022
于欣，丁龙华，徐慧妍. 利用氮元素调控的纳米酶［J］. 中国粉体技术，2026，32（1）：1-10.
YU Xin， DING Longhua， XU Huiyan. Nanozymes regulated by nitrogen［J］. China Powder Science and Technology，2026，32（1）：1−10.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.01.009
收稿日期：2024-12-26，修回日期：2025-10-30，上线日期：2025-11-21。
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52422213；山东省自然科学基金项目，编号：ZR2022JQ20。
第一作者：于欣（1988—），男，教授，博士，国家优秀青年基金获得者，博士生导师，研究方向为纳米催化材料在诊断与治疗方面的应用。E-mail：ifc_yux@ujn. edu. cn。
通信作者：徐慧妍（1990—），女，讲师，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为智能抗菌纳米材料。E-mail：ism_xuhy@ujn. edu. cn 。
摘要：【目的】为了探讨氮元素对纳米酶的调控作用，从氮空位、氮掺杂、氮配位和氮化物等调控策略展开研究，实现对纳米酶性能的精准调控，推动其在生物医学和环境领域的应用。【研究现状】聚焦于氮元素对纳米酶的调控，综述氮元素调控纳米酶活性的机制；详细讨论氮元素对纳米酶的调控策略，包括氮空位、氮掺杂、氮配位和氮化物，这些机制对于调控纳米酶的催化活性和特异性具有关键作用；重点阐述氮元素调控纳米酶在传感检测、抗感染治疗、肿瘤治疗及污染物降解等领域的实际应用。【结论与展望】提出未来的研究应拓展氮元素调控纳米酶在抗炎治疗和组织再生等领域的应用；认为通过对氮元素调控纳米酶的深入研究，有望实现对其性能的精准调控。
Significance Nanozymes, nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like activities, have emerged as promising alternatives to natural enzymes due to their superior stability, tunable activity, and cost-effective synthesis. Their multifunctional nature makes them attractive for diverse applications, including biomedicine, biosensing, and environmental remediation. Among the strategies developed to enhance nanozyme performance, nitrogen regulation has shown remarkable potential. The incorporation of nitrogen in the form of vacancies, dopants, coordination structures, or nitride compounds significantly modulates the catalytic microenvironment and active sites of nanozymes, thereby improving catalytic efficiency, selectivity, and stability.
Progress Recent studies have revealed that nitrogen incorporation can precisely tailor the electronic structure and surface properties of nanozymes, leading to enhanced activity and substrate specificity. Nitrogen vacancies introduce defect sites that can serve as catalytic centers, while nitrogen doping alters the electron density around metal or non-metal atoms, optimizing redox potential. Nitrogen coordination with metal centers offers a stable and tunable coordination environment, and metal nitrides have shown exceptional peroxidase-and oxidase-like activities due to their high conductivity and chemical stability. Moreover, the advent of single-atom nanozymes has further advanced nanozyme design, enabling atomic-level precision in active site engineering. Computational tools, including density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning algorithms, are increasingly being employed to predict optimal nitrogen configurations and guide experimental efforts. These advances have driven notable applications in tumor therapy, antibacterial treatment, pollutant degradation, and ultrasensitive biomolecule detection.
Conclusions and Prospects Nitrogen regulation offers a versatile and powerful approach for engineering high-performance nanozymes. By precisely tuning the chemical environment and active-site architecture, nitrogen-regulated nanozymes exhibit enhanced catalytic behaviors that often surpass those of natural enzymes. For further advancement, several key directions warrant further exploration. First, the fundamental mechanisms of nitrogen regulation should be elucidated through advanced in situ characterization and theoretical modeling. Second, synergistic systems that combine nitrogen regulation with other strategies，such as defect engineering and hybridization, should be designed. Third, comprehensive evaluations of biosafety and long-term stability in biological and environmental systems are essential. Fourth, novel applications in immunotherapy, smart diagnostics，and sustainable catalysis should be explored. Integrating interdisciplinary approaches, particularly machine learning-guided synthesis and high-throughput screening, will be essential for accelerating the rational design of next-generation nanozymes. Continued advancements in nitrogen-regulated nanozymes are expected to drive the development of intelligent catalytic systems and expand their impact across various scientific and technological domains.
Keywords：nitrogen doping; nitrogen coordination; nitrogen vacancy; nitride; nanozyme
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