杜亚平1， 赵晋源1， 张继文1，2， 江永1
1.南开大学 材料科学与工程学院 国家新材料研究院 天津市稀土材料及应用重点实验室 稀土与无机功能材料研究中心，天津 300350；2.浙江海亮股份有限公司，浙江 诸暨市 311800
引用格式：
杜亚平， 赵晋源， 张继文， 等. NH3⁃SCR中稀土基催化剂的研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（2）： 1-15.
Citation:DU Yaping， ZHAO Jinyuan， ZHANG Jiwen， et al. Research advancements in rare earth-based catalysts for NH3-SCR［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（2）： 1-15.
摘要： 【目的】 梳理氨选择性催化还原反应中（NH3⁃selective catalytic reduction，NH3⁃SCR）稀土基催化剂的研究现状，为设计研究NH3⁃SCR中高性能稀土基催化剂提供参考。【研究现状】 综述稀土元素电子组态与特性、NH3⁃SCR反应机制与催化剂设计，通过分析材料的活性位点、反应路径及速率控制步骤，总结CeO2基催化剂，稀土改性的MnOx基、Cu基分子筛催化剂以及稀土尾矿催化剂中稀土作用机制的异同。【结论与展望】 后续研究应从以下2个方面进行深入探索：首先，催化剂设计须要充分考虑实际脱硝工艺中的复杂条件；其次，为了实现不同工况下稀土基催化剂的定制化设计，应开发新的结构表征和模拟技术，定量研究稀土-过渡金属之间的电子相互作用，为催化剂结构的精准设计和性能优化提供理论支持。
关键词： 氮氧化物； 氨选择性催化还原； 二氧化铈； 稀土改性催化剂； 稀土尾矿
Abstract
Significance Rare earth （RE）-based catalysts have garnered extensive attention in NH3-selective catalytic reduction （SCR） reactions due to their strong redox capabilities， acidity， and exceptional thermal and chemical stability， particularly in RE oxides. Numerous RE-based NH3-SCR catalysts have been developed for the ability of RE elements to substitute for other elements. The versatility allows them to function as primary catalyst components， secondary components， and co-catalysts. Understanding the mechanisms of RE elements across various catalyst types， such as metal oxide catalysts and zeolite molecular sieve catalysts， is crucial for developing novel high-performance NH3-SCR catalysts.
Progress This paper reviews recent advancements over the past five years in RE-based NH3-SCR catalysts， focusing on CeO2-based catalysts， RE-modified MnOx-based catalysts， and Cu-exchanged zeolite catalysts. Additionally， natural mineral catalysts have garnered increasing attention due to their potential economic value， and the latest research trends in rare earth tailings （RET） catalysts are also reviewed. By analyzing the active sites， reaction pathways， and rate-determining steps of RE-based catalysts， the role of RE elements in different catalysts is summarized as follows：
1） For metal oxide-based and RET catalysts， the enhancement of their activity by RE elements is primarily attributed to the redox properties and acid-base properties of RE compounds and the synergistic effects between RE elements and transition metals. Specifically， electronic interactions between transition metals （Mn， Mo， Ti， etc.） and RE elements （Ce， Sm， Y， etc.） form structural units such as M-O-RE and Ce3+-O-Ce3+， which regulate the surface acidity and redox capacity of the catalysts， promoting both the acid and redox cycles.
2） For Cu-based zeolite catalysts， the introduction of RE ions increases the bond energy of Al-O in the zeolite framework， stabilizing the framework and improving hydrothermal stability. It also regulates the distribution of Cu active sites on the zeolite framework， promoting the formation of more active and hydrothermally stable Cu sites.
3） The introduction of RE elements enhances the catalyst’s tolerance to SO2. RE sites preferentially adsorb SO2， inhibiting sulfate deposition at active sites and preventing their deactivation. Additionally， the formation of an appropriate amount of sulfate on RE sites provides additional acidic sites， further enhancing the catalyst’s activity.
Conclusions and Prospects Future research can be explored in the following two directions. First， catalyst design should fully consider the complex conditions in actual denitrification processes， including operating temperature， atmosphere， and flue gas/exhaust composition. For example， diesel engine exhaust has high temperatures （~900 ℃） and contains complex hydrocarbons， the cold start emission of vehicles has low temperatures， and the composition of flue gas from different industrial sources， such as power plants and cement plants， varies. Customizing the composition and structure of denitrification catalysts to suit different working conditions will ensure that the catalysts exhibit good tunability and adaptability in various reaction environments， achieving efficient and stable denitrification performance. Second， there is an urgent need to develop and apply new characterization techniques to more comprehensively analyze the structure-performance relationship of catalysts. Such techniques can be used to， for instance， quantify electron transfer between RE and transition metals or capture the potential involvement of 4f electrons distinct to RE during the NH3-SCR reaction process. This will help reveal the specific mechanisms of RE elements in the catalytic process， providing strong theoretical support for the precise design and performance optimization of catalyst structures. Through continuous efforts in these two directions， RE-based NH3-SCR catalysts are expected to demonstrate superior performance and broader application prospects in actual denitrification applications.
Keywords： nitrogen oxide； NH3-selective catalytic reduction； cerium oxide； rare earth-modified catalysts； rare earth tailing
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