梅开元¹， 安冉¹， 黄坤²， 蔡娇娇³， 张春梅¹， 程小伟¹

1.西南石油大学 新能源与材料学院， 油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室， 四川 成都 610500；

2.中国石油西南油气田勘探事业部， 四川 成都 610017； 3. 成都市勘察测绘研究院， 四川 成都 610023

引用格式：

梅开元， 安冉， 黄坤， 等. 低温等离子改性PVDF粉末对固井水泥石低温冲击韧性的影响［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（3）： 1-14.

MEI Kaiyuan， AN Ran， HUANG Kun， et al. Effect of low-temperature plasma-modified PVDF powder on impact toughness of oil well cement at low temperatures［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（3）： 1-14.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.03.009

收稿日期： 2025-03-28， 修回日期： 2025-07-24，上线日期： 2025-10-14。

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目，编号：42207206。

第一作者简介： 梅开元（1993―），男，副研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为固井水泥基材料。E-mail： mky0101@swpu.wdu.cn。

摘要： 【目的】 应对深海极地开采环境中固井水泥材料受到的低温高压与高频低载荷冲击的严峻挑战。【方法】 采用低温等离子体技术对聚偏氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride，PVDF）粉末表面进行物理改性，以增强其与水泥基体的界面相容性。改性后的粉末记为低温等离子体改性聚偏氟乙烯（plasma‑treated polyvinylidene fluoride，PVDF-G）。随后将改性与未改性的PVDF按质量分数分别为0.2%、0.4%、1.0%掺入水泥体系中，制备试样并在4 ℃与60 ℃条件下养护，对比分析其在静态力学性能（抗拉强度）和动态冲击载荷作用下的能量吸收能力，系统评估其对水泥石韧性的增强作用。【结果】 在相同养护条件下，掺入PVDF-G的水泥石抗拉强度最高可达4.31 MPa。同时，PVDF-G显著提升水泥石在低温条件下的抗冲击能力，在养护温度为4 ℃的环境中，水泥石在承受冲击载荷时的能量吸收增加，在0.1 ms时间内，PVDF-G实验组的水泥石吸收的能量约为空白对照都的1.5倍，为PVDF实验组的2.0倍，韧性显著提高。【结论】 未经过改性的PVDF粉末的粒度较大且分布不均，使其与水泥基体的结合力不足，从而限制其增韧性能。经过低温等离子体改性后，PVDF-G样品不仅粉末减小，表面粗糙度也显著增加，进而提高PVDF粉末与水泥基体之间的物理结合力，有效增强水泥石的韧性。

关键词： 聚偏氟乙烯粉末； 低温等离子体改性； 固井水泥； 增韧

Abstract

Objective In deep-sea and polar resource extraction， cementing materials are frequently subjected to extreme environmental conditions， including low temperatures， high hydrostatic pressures， and repeated low-amplitude dynamic loads. These harsh conditions significantly compromise the mechanical integrity of conventional cement systems， particularly in terms of toughness. Toughness， the capacity of a material to absorb energy and deform plastically without fracturing， is a critical mechanical property for maintaining wellbore integrity over long service periods. Cement sheaths with low toughness are highly susceptible to cracking， especially under abrupt stress fluctuations or impact loading， potentially leading to fluid migration， well leakage， or structural failure. Therefore， improving the toughness of cement under such extreme conditions is an urgent and essential goal. This study aims to explore a novel toughening approach by incorporating physically modified polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF） powder into cement paste and investigating its effects on mechanical performance， particularly toughness， under low-temperature conditions.

Methods To address this issue， we employed low-temperature plasma treatment to physically modify PVDF powder， producing a material referred to as PVDF-G. This modification process alters the physical characteristics of the PVDF particles， specifically reducing their size and increasing their surface roughness， without introducing any new chemical functional groups. The treatment is intended to enhance the interfacial compatibility between PVDF and the cement matrix by improving the physical anchoring and distribution of the particles. Modified PVDF-G and unmodified PVDF powders were separately added to cement paste at identical dosages. A blank control group without any additives was also prepared for comparison. All specimens were cured at 4 ℃ to simulate polar or deep-sea conditions. Mechanical tests， including uniaxial tensile strength and dynamic impact energy absorption， were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the modification. Particular attention was given to evaluating how the surface morphology and particle size of PVDF influence the toughening performance of the resulting cement composites.

Results and Discussion The results demonstrate a pronounced improvement in the mechanical performance of the cement paste incorporating PVDF-G compared to both the unmodified PVDF group and the blank control. Under low-temperature curing conditions， the cement specimens containing PVDF-G exhibited a maximum tensile strength of 4.31 MPa， which was significantly higher than that of the other two groups. Furthermore， impact resistance was substantially enhanced. Under impact loading， the PVDF-G-modified cement specimens showed an outstanding energy absorption capacity. Within just 0.1 milliseconds of impact duration， the PVDF-G group absorbed approximately 1.5 times more energy than the blank control and twice as much as the unmodified PVDF group. These findings indicate that PVDF-G markedly improves the toughness of cement composites under cold conditions.

Conclusion This study confirms that low-temperature plasma treatment is an effective physical modification technique for enhancing the performance of PVDF powders used in cement-based materials. The improved properties of PVDF-G-including reduced particle size and increased surface roughness-significantly enhance its physical bonding with the cement matrix， leading to higher tensile strength and markedly improved impact resistance under low-temperature conditions. Importantly， these improvements were achieved without introducing new chemical functionalities， highlighting the role of physical interfacial engineering in toughening brittle cement systems. The findings suggest that PVDF-G is a promising additive for developing advanced cement composites suitable for deployment in extreme environments such as deep-sea wells， polar drilling operations， and infrastructure construction in sub-zero climates. This work provides both a theoretical foundation and a practical strategy for improving the durability and reliability of cementitious materials in demanding applications.

Keywords： PVDF powder； low-temperature plasma modification； oil well cement； toughening

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