乔玉磊， 于辰馨， 张秀芝， 于陆虎， 丰曙霞， 段广彬
济南大学 材料科学与工程学院，山东 济南 250022
引用格式：
乔玉磊， 于辰馨， 张秀芝， 等. 粉煤灰和矿渣对混凝土抗硫酸腐蚀性能影响的比较研究［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（3）： 1-13.
QIAO Yulei， YU Chenxin， ZHANG Xiuzhi， et al. Comparative study on effects of fly ash and slag on anti‑sulfuric acid corrosion performance of concrete［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（3）： 1-13.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.03.010
收稿日期： 2025-02-14， 修回日期： 2025-05-12，上线日期： 2025-08-30。
基金项目： 国家重点研发计划项目， 编号： 2022YFE0208200； 内蒙古自治区科技计划项目， 编号： 2022YFHH0118。
第一作者简介： 乔玉磊（1999—），男，硕士生，研究方向为混凝土抗硫酸侵蚀性能。E-mail：19861824518@163.com。
通信作者简介： 段广彬（1983—），男，教授，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为固废综合利用。E-mail：mse_duangb@ujn.edu.cn。
摘要： 【目的】 研究普通硅酸盐水泥混凝土（ordinary Portland cement concrete， OPCC）与单掺粉煤灰或矿渣混凝土以及粉煤灰-矿渣基混凝土的抗硫酸腐蚀性能变化规律。【方法】 对混凝土进行硫酸腐蚀，对比4种混凝土试件被硫酸溶液腐蚀后的表面和局部形貌、质量损失率和抗压强度变化，借助压汞法、 X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等技术分析混凝土微观结构及腐蚀产物。【结果】 基于最紧密堆积原理设计的粉煤灰-矿渣基混凝土，因大量矿物掺合料的掺入，减少体系中易腐蚀水化产物Ca（OH）2和钙矾石的生成，内部结构更致密，硫酸浸泡120 d后仍保持较好工作性能；OPCC与单掺粉煤灰或矿渣的混凝土在硫酸作用下的表观腐蚀程度、质量损失率和抗压强度损失率均高于粉煤灰-矿渣基的混凝土。【结论】 在抗硫酸腐蚀性能方面，粉煤灰-矿渣基混凝土表现优于OPCC与单掺粉煤灰或矿渣的混凝土。
关键词： 粉煤灰-矿渣基混凝土； 硫酸腐蚀； 耐久性； 微观结构
Abstract
Objective The study compares the performance of ordinary Portland cement concrete （OPCC）with those incorporating fly ash or slag， and fly ash-based concrete sewage pipes that utilize a fly ash-slag matrix.
Methods Four concrete specimens incorporating different mix ratios of fly ash or slag were produced （FS0， F20， S20， and FS20）. The mechanism for the sulfuric aciderosion of concrete involves the reaction of sulfuric acid with the internal calcium in the concrete，forming non-binding SiO2·H2O.Based on this corrosion mechanism， different concrete mix ratios incorporating fly ash and slag as mineral admixtures were designed. Subsequently， a sulfuric acid corrosion environment was simulated using a dry and wet acid cycle， and the sulfuric acid corrosion resistance of both ordinary silicate concrete and the designed fly ash-slag-based concrete was compared. Additionally， sulfuric acid immersion corrosion experiments were conducted. Finally， the soaked specimens were tested using XRD and SEM.
Results and Discussion In this research， a comprehensive examination was conducted on the performance of diverse concretes under sulfuric acid corrosion conditions.Based on the specimen performance metrics， the results indicated that FS20 exhibited the bestresistance to chlorine ion penetration. Notably， its electrical flux was 8.7% lower than that of FS0. This superior performance could be attributed to the mineral admixtures in FS20， which reduced cement content and minimized the formation of expansive products， yielding a more compact structure. Mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP） test results showed that the incorporation of fly ash and slag led to a decline in total porosity， with FS20 being the densest due to secondary hydration reactions.When assessing the morphologies of specimens before and after sulfuric acid corrosion，FS20 demonstrated the highest corrosion resistance， followed by F20， and S20 outperformed FS0. This improved resistance was attributed to the pozzolanic effect of fly ash and the stability of the calcium-silicate-hydrate （C-S-H）. FS20 consistently exhibited the lowest mass loss rate， as its mineral admixtures effectively reduced the production of expansive products and enhanced densification. The compressive strength of FS20 surpassed that of FS0. Even after 120 days of immersion， despite a 47.0% reduction in strength for FS20， the compressive strength loss rate remained lower than that of FS0. XRD analysis confirmed that FS20 produced fewer expansive minerals.
Conclusion This study systematically investigates the properties of ordinary OPCC，concrete with individual additions of fly ash or slag，and fly ash-slag composite concrete under sulfuric acid immersion. Compared with OPCC， fly ash-slag concrete demonstrates superior corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid. Based on the test results and discussions， the following conclusions are drawn：1） Although the individual inclusion of fly ash or slag reduced the 28-day compressive strength of concrete compared toOPCC，their combined utilization hada synergistic effect. Specifically，the pore structure of the concrete was optimized， chloride ion permeability was significantly improved， and the structural density was further improved.2） After sulfuric acid corrosion， the surface of fly ash-slag-based concrete specimens exhibited no apparent damage.Their mass loss rate and compressive strength loss rate were 1.5% and 4.5% lower than those of ordinary OPCC.3） Upon corrosion， the primary minerals in fly ash-slag-based concrete were calcium and a small amount of gypsum. The composite addition of fly ash and slag reduced the formation of expansive minerals， thereby reducing the risk of concrete cracking due to expansion.This effect impeded the development of corrosion channels through expansion and enhanced the concrete’s resistance to sulfuric acid corrosion.
Keywords： fly ash-slag-based concrete； sulfuric acid corrosion； durability； microstructure
参考文献（References）
［1］谷俊鹏， 曹玉梅， 潘铁津. 城市排水管网运维效能提升策略研究［J］. 中国给水排水， 2024， 40（16）： 29-36.
GU J P， CAO Y M， PAN T J. Research on strategy of improving the operation and maintenance efficiency of urban drainage pipeline network ［J］. China Water Wastewater， 2024， 40（16）： 29-36.
［2］周健， 林志超， 徐名凤， 等. 污水管道中混凝土硫酸腐蚀研究进展［J］. 硅酸盐通报， 2023， 42（5）： 1529-1541.
ZHOU J， LIN Z C， XU M F， et al. Research progress of sulfuric acid corrosion in concrete in sewage pipe［J］. Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society， 2023， 42（5）： 1529-1541.
［3］李北星， 周长泉， 蔡老虎， 等. 硫酸环境作用下粉煤灰混凝土性能劣化时变规律［J］. 材料科学与工程学报， 2014（6）：809-815.
LI B X， ZHOU C Q， CAI L H， et al. The performance deterioration of fly ash concrete under the action of sulfuric acid environment［J］. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering， 2014（6）： 809-815.
［4］ADESANYA D， RAHEEM A. A study of the permeability and acid attack of corn cob ash blended cements［J］. Constructionand Building Materials， 2010， 24（3）： 403-409.
［5］FAN W， ZHU G Y， MA X， et al. Durability of fibre-reinforced calcium aluminate cement （CAC）-ground granulated blast furnace slag （GGBFS） blended mortar after sulfuric acid attack ［J］. Materials， 2020， 13（17）： 3822.
［6］廖帅. 矿渣粉掺量对混凝土性能与微观结构的影响［J］. 铁道建筑技术， 2024（11）： 53-56.
LIAO S. Effect of slag powder content on concrete performance and microstructure［J］. Railway Construction Technology， 2024（11）： 53-56.
［7］PATRA R， MUKHARJEE B. Influence of incorporation of granulated blast furnace slag as replacement of fine aggregate on properties of concrete［J］. Journal of Cleaner Production， 2017， 165： 468-476.
［8］ÖZCAN A， KAROKOC M. The resistance of blast furnace slag- and ferrochrome slag-based geopolymer concrete against acid attack ［J］. International Journal of Civil Engineering， 2019， 17： 1571-1583.
［9］KANG S， LLOYD Z， KIM T， et al. Predicting the compressive strength of fly ash concrete with the particle model［J］. Cem-ent and Concrete Research， 2020， 137： 106218.
［10］NAWAZ M， QURESHI L， ALI B. Enhancing the performance of recycled aggregate mortars using alkali-activated fly ash ［J］. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering， 2020， 25（2）： 552-560.
［11］PU L， UNLUER C. Durability of carbonated MgO concrete containing fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag ［J］.Construction and Building Materials， 2018， 192： 403-415.
［12］VENKITASAMY V， SANTHANAM M， RAO B P C，et al. Mechanical and durability properties of structural grade heavy weight concrete with fly ash and slag ［J］.Cement and Concrete Composites， 2024， 145： 105362.
［13］XU J， KANG A H， WU Z G， et al. Research on the formulation and properties of a high-performance geopolymer grouting material based on slag and fly ash ［J］. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering， 2021， 25（9）： 3437-3447.
［14］ZHANG M Z， ZHU M Z， CHEN B， et al. Utilizing raw phosphogypsum to prepare one-part geopolymer： mechanical properties， optimization， and hydration mechanisms ［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2024， 449： 138466.
［15］YIN T Y， LIU K N， FAN D Q， et al. Derivation and verification of multilevel particle packing model for ultra-high performance concrete （UHPC）： modelling and experiments ［J］. Cement and Concrete Composites， 2023， 136： 104889.
［16］中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 普通混凝土拌合物性能试验方法标准：GB/T 50080—2016［S］.北京： 中国建筑工业出版社， 2016.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China. Standard for test methods of properties of ordinary concrete Mixtures：GB/T 50080—2016［S］. Beijing： China Building Industry Press， 2016.
［17］中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 普通混凝土长期性能和耐久性能试验方法标准：GB/T 50082—2009［S］.北京： 中国建筑工业出版社， 2009.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China. Standard for test methods of long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete：GB/T 50082—2009［S］. Beijing： China Building Industry Press， 2009.
［18］中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部. 普通混凝土力学性能试验方法标准：GB/T 50081—2019［S］.北京： 中国建筑工业出版社， 2019.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Construction of the People’s Republic of China. Standard for test methods of concrete physical and mechanical properties：GB/T 50081—2019［S］. Beijing： China Building Industry Press， 2019.
［19］WANG J， DONG H. PVA fiber-reinforced ultrafine fly ash concrete： engineering properties， resistance to chloride ion penetration， and microstructure ［J］. Journal of Building Engineering， 2023，66： 105858.
［20］SINSIRI T， CHINDAPRASIRT P， JATURAPITAKKUL C. Influence of fly ash fineness and shape on the porosity and permeability of blended cement pastes ［J］. International Journal of Minerals， Metallurgy and Materials， 2010（6）： 683-690.
［21］DING Z Z， QU Y N X， KIM J， et al. Evaluations of frost and scaling resistance of fly ash concrete in terms of changes in water absorption and pore structure under the accelerated carbonation conditions［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2022， 345： 128273.
［22］DAIMON M， ABO-EL-ENEIN S A， HOSAKA G， et al. Pore structure of calcium silicate hydrate in hydrated tricalcium silicate ［J］. Journal of the American Ceramic Society， 1977， 60（4）： 110-114.
［23］KE G J， ZHANG J， LIU Y Z， et al. Pore characteristics of calcium sulfoaluminate cement paste with impact of supplementary cementitious materials and water to binder ratio ［J］. Powder Technology， 2021， 387： 146-155.
［24］WANG S X， WANG Z J， HUANG T Y， et al. Mechanical strengths， drying shrinkage and pore structure of cement mortars with hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2022， 314： 125683.
［25］CHYLINSKI F. Microstructural assessment of pozzolanic activity of ilmenite mud waste compared to fly ash in cement composites［J］. Materials，2024， 17（11）： 2483.
［26］ZHAO J H， LI Z H， WANG D M， et al. Hydration superposition effect and mechanism of steel slag powder and granulated blast furnace slag powder ［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2023， 366： 130101.
［27］ZHAO G W， SHI M， FAN H H， et al. The influence of multiple combined chemical attack on cast-in-situ concrete： deformation， mechanical development and mechanisms ［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2020， 251： 118988.
［28］BERTRON A， ESCADEILLASA G， DUCHESNE J. Cement pastes alteration by liquid manure organic acids： chemical andmineralogical characterization ［J］. Cement and Concrete Research， 2004， 34： 1823-1835.
［29］SHEN M X， ZHAO Y， BI J， et al. Microstructure evolution and damage mechanisms of concrete-rock-composite corrosion in acid environment ［J］. Journal of Building Engineering， 2024， 82： 108336.
［30］朱哲誉， 王中平， 周玥， 等. 硅酸盐水泥水化产物微纳结构的原位研究［J］. 硅酸盐学报， 2021， 49（8）： 1699-1705.
ZHU Z Y， WANG Z P， ZHOU Y， et al.In situ study of micro-nano structure of Portland cement hydration products ［J］. Journal of Silicate， 2021， 49（8）： 1699-1705.
［31］GANAPATHY G P， ALAGU A， RAMACHANDRAN S， et al. Effects of fly ash and silica fume on alkalinity， strength and planting characteristics of vegetation porous concrete［J］. Journal of Materials Research and Technology， 2023， 24： 5347-5360.
［32］ZHANG G， LI G X. Effects of mineral admixtures and additional gypsum on the expansion performance of sulphoaluminate expansive agent at simulation of mass concrete environment［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2016， 113： 970-978.
［33］LIAO L， WU S Q， HAO R Q， et al. The compressive strength and damage mechanisms of pervious concrete based on 2D mesoscale pore characteristics ［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2023， 386： 131561.
［34］KEULEN A， YU Q L， ZHANG S， et al. Effect of admixture on the pore structure refinement and enhanced performance of alkali-activated fly ash-slag concrete ［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2018， 162： 27-36.
［35］TU Y M， WEN R J， YU Q， et al. Molecular dynamics study on coupled ion transport in aluminum-doped cement-based materials［J］. Construction and Building Materials， 2021， 295： 123645.
［36］ZHOU C D， SHI P C， HUANG H， et al. Macroscopic and microscopic investigation of gypsum slag cement-stabilized recy-cled aggregate base layers ［J］. Materials， 2024， 17（6）： 1450.
［37］LUN P Y， ZHANG X G， JIANG C， et al. Modelling of corrosion-induced concrete cover cracking due to chloride attacking ［J］. Materials， 2021， 14（6）： 1440.
［38］钱文勋， 贺传卿， 何旸， 等. 提升水泥砂浆耐酸性能的防护技术研究［J］. 混凝土与水泥制品， 2020（3）： 10-14.
QIAN W X， HE C Q， HE Y， et al. The protection technology for improving acid resistance of cement mortar［J］. China Concrete and Cement Products， 2020（3）： 10-14.
［39］GE W J， ZHANG Z W， ASHOUR A， et al. Hydration characteristics， hydration products and microstructure of reactive powder concrete［J］. Journal of Building Engineering， 2023， 69： 106306.
