蔡杰1， 朱康宁1， 沈小又1， 李源1， 刘孝培2， 曹阳3， 宋涛1， 顾中铸1
1.南京师范大学 能源与机械工程学院， 江苏 南京 210023； 2.内蒙古科技大学 能源与环境学院， 内蒙古 包头 014010；
3.国家能源集团神皖马鞍山发电有限责任公司， 安徽 马鞍山 243000
引用格式：
蔡杰， 朱康宁， 沈小又， 等. 颗粒层除尘器的研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2026， 32（3）： 1-14.
Citation:CAI Jie， ZHU Kangning， SHEN Xiaoyou， et al. Research progress on granular bed filter［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2026， 32（3）： 1-14.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.03.003
收稿日期： 2024-12-17， 修回日期： 2025-03-24，上线日期： 2025-08-25。
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目， 编号： 52276121。
第一作者简介： 蔡杰（1978—），男，教授，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为多相流。E-mail：caijie@njnu.edu.cn。
摘要：【目的】 梳理颗粒层除尘器（granular bed filter， GBF）的研究现状，为其进一步的研究与应用发展提供参考。【研究现状】 GBF的实验研究主要针对固定床GBF和移动床GBF，研究方向主要包括开发新型GBF、优化现有GBF、分析GBF的性能（主要是除尘效率和压降）与各宏观物理量之间的关系。在GBF的数值研究中，颗粒床层模型的构建主要有2种思路，分别为颗粒球规则排列和颗粒球随机堆积；在数学模型方面，主要基于计算流体动力学-离散元法（computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method，CFD-DEM）或CFD-离散相模型（discrete phase model，DPM）的气固耦合方法。数值研究的内容主要为细颗粒物在颗粒床层中的运动沉积情况以及各参数对GBF性能的影响。此外，对移动床GBF的数值研究尚属空白。【结论与展望】未来GBF的研究方向主要包括设计新型GBF或优化现有GBF、完善GBF的数值研究模型并开展对移动床GBF的数值研究。
关键词： 颗粒层除尘器； 实验研究； 数值研究； 研究进展
Abstract
Significance Fine particles are common in industrial production， daily life， and the natural environment， posing significant hazards to industrial equipment， environmental quality， and human health. Therefore，the efficient removal of fine particles has become a key research area. However， existing technologies for dust removal technologies are generally unsuitable for environments with temperatures exceeding 500 ℃， with only a few viable options， such as ceramic filters and granular bed filters （GBFs）. Ceramic filters have received limited attention due to issues like clogging and high costs， whereas GBFs have garnered significant interest due to their high filtration efficiency， resistance to high temperatures and pressures， durability against wear and corrosion， low cost， simple structure， and broad adaptability. As one of the most promising technologies for high-temperature dust removal， GBFs are now widely used in energy， chemical， metallurgical， and environmental industries， making further research in this area highly valuable.
Progress Extensive research has been conducted on GBFs，making significant advancements. Experimental studies have primarily focused on fixed-bed GBF and moving-bed GBFs， as research on fluidized-bed GBFs remains limited due to their relatively lower filtration efficiency. Key directions in experimental research include： 1） Development of new GBF types.Fluidized-bed and moving-bed GBFs are novel adaptations of fixed-bed GBFs. In addition， researchers have explored various alternatives， including dual-layer fixed-bed GBFs， triple-layer fixed-bed GBFs， and dual-layer moving-bed GBFs. 2） Optimization of existing GBFs.Moving-bed GBFs， with their complex structures compared to fixed-bed GBFs，have been a particular focus. Research has examined the design and placement of flow distribution plates， louvers， and internal components， including their shape， size， position， angle， and symmetry.Analysis of GBF performance. Studies have investigated the relationship between GBF performance， mainly dust removal efficiency and pressure drop， and various macroscopic parameters， such as granular bed thickness， granule size of the filter media， mass flow rate of filter media granules （for moving-bed GBFs）， filtration velocity， filtration time， temperature， fine particle size， and the mass flow rate of fine particles at the GBF inlet. While the quantitative relationship between these parameters and GBF performance differs across studies， there is a broad consensus on the qualitative trends as documented in many literatures. 3） Numerical studies on GBF initially focused on single-granule filtration models， which only considered the motion and deposition of fine particles around a single granule in an airflow， neglecting complex interactions between granules that could affect their movement and deposition.Previous research aimed to establish a connection between single-granule filtration and granular bed filtration，establishing empirical formulas for predicting filtration efficiency.However， these formulas generally had evident errors and limited applicability. Despite these limitations， single-granule filtration models provided insights into the motion and deposition processes of fine particles， laying a solid foundation for further research of GBF. With advancements in computational technologies， granular bed filtration models have evolved.Current approaches include regular granule arrangements and discrete element method （DEM）-based random granule packing. The former simplifies calculations， while the latter better captures granule interactions and reflects real-world conditions.Mathematical modeling of dust-laden airflow through granular beds is typically addressed using gas-solid two-phase flow methods， such as computational fluid dynamics （CFD）-DEM or CFD-discrete phase model （DPM）. Numerical studies on GBF primarily focus on fine particle motion and deposition in granular beds and the influence of various parameters on GBF performance. However， numerical research on moving-bed GBF is still lacking.
Conclusions and Prospects Despite significant progress， several shortcomings persist in GBF research：limited micro-level analysis and in complete and inadequate numerical modeling. With the increasing demands for energy conservation and environmental protection， the potential of GBF technology is increasingly recognized in various fields. Future research should mainly focus on the following areas： 1） Developing new GBF types or optimizing existing designs to broaden their application range and adaptability to various complex operating conditions. 2） Advancing numerical research methods to establish more comprehensive and practical models. 3） Conducting numerical studies on moving-bed GBFs to support their industrial application.
Keywords： granular bed filter； experimental research； numerical research； research progress
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