引用格式：

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2026.02.011

收稿日期： 2025-01-10， 修回日期： 2025-05-02， 上线日期： 2025-07-16。

基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目， 编号： 22178258、 22308254； 天津大学人才计划基金项目，编号： 0701321039、 0903074107； 浙江省废弃生物质生态化处理重点实验室开放课题项目， 编号： 2024HZYB02。

第一作者简介： 张胜波（1987—），男，副教授，博士，博士生导师，北洋英才学者，研究方向为废弃塑料循环与资源化。E-mail：shengbozhang@tju.edu.cn

摘要： 【目的】 解决聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（polyethylene terephthalate，PET）的高产量、高稳定性，以及难以自然降解等造成的日益严重的环境问题。【研究现状】 针对PET化学回收方法，介绍糖酵解、醇解和水解等技术，系统阐述各方法的反应机理及所使用的催化剂，并总结糖酵解与水解方法的最新研究进展。在生物回收方面，聚焦于温和条件下酶催化（如角质酶和PETase）PET水解的反应活性及机理，同时介绍酶催化PET回收的前沿技术。生物法回收PET具有反应条件温和、 不需要高温高压、 也无需额外的醇或酸碱试剂，降解产物可以转化为高价值的化学品，与化学回收相对比，生物法回收PET不仅成本较低，还能避免环境二次污染，具有广阔的应用前景和研究价值。【结论与展望】 提出实现PET的绿色循环利用已成为亟待解决的关键挑战，对环境保护和可持续发展具有重要意义； 通过化学或生物化学方法降解PET，不仅具备节能环保的优势，生成的单体产物还可作为化工原料实现二次利用； 化学回收与生物回收因其巨大的潜力，被广泛认为是未来研究的重点方向； 认为未来PET催化回收与升级的研究应重点关注催化体系的优化、反应机理的深入理解、温和条件下的高效反应过程，以及提升产物的高值化利用； 技术经济分析和生命周期评估应贯穿整个研究过程，以全面评估新型催化体系的可行性和可持续性，确保其在实际应用中的经济性与环境友好性。

关键词： 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯； 糖酵解； 水解； 生物回收； 化学循环

Abstract

Significance Plastics are widely used across various sectors， including food packaging， textiles， construction， and healthcare， owing to their cost-effectiveness， lightweight properties， and remarkable chemical stability. However， due to their slow degradation rates， plastics tend to accumulate on land or be transported into the ocean， posing severe environmental threats. Traditional plastic waste disposal methods， primarily landfilling and incineration， are criticized for occupying vast land areas and emitting toxic gases. In comparison， plastic recycling offers a more sustainable approach by breaking down waste plastics into monomers and converting them into high-value chemicals， supporting the circular economy. Among plastics， polyethylene terephthalate （PET）， a polyester synthesized from terephthalic acid （TPA） and ethylene glycol （EG）， stands out for its thermal stability， transparency， and lightweight properties， making it ideal for beverage bottles and textiles. However， PET recycling rates fall far behind their production rates. Moreover， existing PET recycling methods are mostly energy-intensive and prone to generate secondary pollutants， toxic byproducts， and harmful gases. Pyrolysis-based PET recycling further exacerbates these issues by producing formaldehyde， greenhouse gases， and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These byproducts reduce thermal energy utilization efficiency and intensify the greenhouse effect， posing further risks to the ecological environment and human health.

Progress This article focuses on chemical recycling methods for PET， with particular emphasis on techniques such as glycolysis， alcoholysis， and hydrolysis. The reaction mechanisms and catalysts used in each method are systematically elucidated， and the latest advancements in glycolysis and hydrolysis methods are summarized. In addition， this article explores bioremediation approaches for PET recycling， examining the reaction activity and underlying mechanism of enzyme-catalyzed PET hydrolysis under mild conditions. Key enzymes such as keratinase and PETase are discussed as examples， and cutting-edge technologies in enzyme-catalyzed PET recycling are introduced. The biological recycling of PET offers the following advantages. It operates under mild reaction conditions， without the need for high temperatures and pressures or additional alcohol/acid-base reagents. The degradation products can be transformed into high-value chemicals. Compared to chemical recycling， biological recycling not only reduces costs but also minimizes secondary environmental pollution. These benefits show its broad application prospects and significant research value.

Conclusions and Prospects The development of green PET recycling technologies has become an urgent priority due to their significance for environmental protection and sustainable development. Both chemical and biochemical PET degradation methods offer significant advantages， including energy efficiency， environmental friendliness， and the ability to convert waste into monomers as chemical raw materials for secondary utilization. Therefore， chemical and biological recycling are promising research directions in sustainable materials management. Future studies on catalytic PET recycling and upgrading should focus on optimizing catalytic systems， elucidating reaction mechanisms， developing efficient reaction processes under mild conditions， and enhancing product value and applications. Moreover， technical and economic analyses and life cycle assessments should be integrated throughout the entire research process to comprehensively evaluate the feasibility and sustainability of new catalytic systems， thereby ensuring their economic viability and environmental friendliness in practical applications.

Keywords： polyethylene terephthalate； glycolysis； hydrolysis； biological recycling； chemical recycling

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