逯一中，刘文栋，姜媛媛

逯一中，刘文栋，姜媛媛. 钴基单原子催化剂类氧化酶性能研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术，2025，31（4）：1-9.

LU Yizhong， LIU Wendong， JIANG Yuanyuan. Research progress on oxidase-like performance of cobalt-based single-atom catalysts［J］. China Powder Science and Technology，2025，31（4）：1−9.

收稿日期：2024-12-04，修回日期：2025-05-26，上线日期：2025-06-10。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号 ：22172063。

第一作者简介：逯一中（1985—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师，泰山学者青年专家，研究方向为单原子纳米酶生物分析应用。E-mail：mse_luyz@ujn. edu. cn。

通信作者简介：姜媛媛（1986—），女，副教授，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为材料电化学与分析检测。E-mail：mse_jiangyy@ujn. edu. cn。

摘要：【目的】 研究钴基单原子催化剂（Cobalt-based single-atom catalysts， Co-SACs）类氧化酶性能，实现 Co-SACs类氧化酶在生物医药及化工领域商业化应用。【研究现状】 综述Co-SACs的类氧化酶活性分类，包括类芳香胺氧化酶、类乳酸氧化酶、类硅氧烷氧化酶、类还原型烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸氧化酶和类漆酶等；探讨其催化性能的调控策略，如配位数调控、异质原子掺杂、钴与过渡金属的协同效应，以及金属−载体相互作用改性等；介绍Co-SACs作为氧化酶模拟物在生物传感、癌症治疗和化学合成等领域中的应用。【结论与展望】提出Co-SACs作为一类高效、经济且稳定的功能材料，未来的研究重点是研发规模化制备高金属载量的Co-SACs的方法，并揭示其催化机制。

关键词：钴基单原子催化剂；类氧化酶；性能调控

Abstract

Significance Nanozymes are nanomaterials with enzymatic properties that can catalyze substrate transformation under physiological conditions and exhibit reaction kinetics similar to natural enzymes. However, their widespread application is hindered by slow catalytic kinetics and low efficiency. Moreover, the unclear catalytic active sites constrain our understanding of their catalytic mechanism. As a result, constructing multifunctional nanozymes with well-defined active sites and high catalytic performance remains a significant challenge. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) mimic the catalytic center structure and activity of natural metalloproteases and are considered potential substitutes for natural metalloenzymes. The metal active sites of SACs are uniform, and their coordination environment is controllable, enabling the maximum utilization of metal atoms. This provides an ideal model for studying the structure-performance relationship. Cobalt-based single-atom catalysts (Co-SACs) exhibit outstanding performance in chemical and biological reactions. Exploring their catalytic performance across various reactions and evaluating their potential for large-scale industrialization is crucial for the advancement of related fields. Such efforts uncover the application value of nanozymes and provide innovative solutions for real-world production challenges.

Progress The oxidase-like activities of Co-SACs are classified into multiple functional types based on their catalytic substrates, primarily including aromatic amine oxidase-like activity, lactate oxidase-like activity, siloxane oxidase-like activity, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase-like activity, and laccase-like activity. Further investigations into their modulation strategies reveal that performance regulation can be achieved through precise control of coordination numbers, directional heteroatom doping， construction of cobalt-transition metal synergistic effects, and optimization of metal-support interfacial interactions. Owing to their well-defined atomic-level structures and tunable coordination microenvironments, Co-SACs demonstrate remarkable advantages in advanced applications such as biosensing, tumor therapy, and organic synthesis.

Conclusions and Prospects Despite great progress, the future development of Co-SACs faces both challenges and opportunities. Future research should focus on optimizing cobalt active site loading and stability, as current limitations in these aspects restrict catalytic performance and may lead to particle aggregation. To address this, mild non-calcination strategies and functionalized support should be explored to enhance loading efficiency and stability, thereby facilitating large-scale synthesis. Building upon prior experience in precursor selection and condition optimization, engineering approaches for industrial-scale production and green synthesis methods can be developed. Additionally, it is crucial to improve catalytic selectivity and study the reaction mechanism. Future research should combine theoretical and experimental approaches to analyze factors influencing selectivity, ultimately establishing quantitative structure-activity models for precise catalyst design.

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