郇宇1， 张晓芳2， 韩同鑫1
1.济南大学 材料科学与工程学院，山东 济南250022；2.山东女子学院 人工智能学院，山东 济南250300
引用格式：
郇宇， 张晓芳， 韩同鑫. 大功率高性能钙钛矿型压电陶瓷的研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术， 2025， 31（6）： 1-22.
HUAN Yu， ZHANG Xiaofang， HAN Tongxin. Research progress on high-power and high-performance perovskite-type piezoelectric ceramics［J］. China Powder Science and Technology， 2025， 31（6）： 1-22.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.06.006
收稿日期： 2024-12-23， 修回日期： 2025-03-17， 上线日期： 2025-06-17。
基金项目： 国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52072150；山东省自然科学基金项目，编号：ZR2024QE104，山东省泰山学者项目，编号：tsqn202312214；校级专题项目，编号：2024RCYJ34。
第一作者简介： 郇宇（1990—），女，教授，博士，泰山学者，研究方向为压电铁电介电陶瓷与器件。 E-mail： mse_huany@ujn.edu.cn。
摘要：【目的】 梳理大功率高性能压电陶瓷性能研究，为推动大功率压电设备的发展提供有效借鉴。【研究现状】 综述近年来国内外钙钛矿型压电陶瓷的研究进展，概括锆钛酸铅（lead zirconate titanate，PZT）基、钪酸铋-钛酸铅（bismuth scandiate-lead titanate，BS-PT）基、铁酸铋-钛酸钡（bismuth ferrite-barium titanate，BF-BT）基压电陶瓷和铌酸钾钠（potassium sodium niobate，KNN）基体系中的研究，总结元素掺杂、组分设计和制备工艺对不同体系压电陶瓷性能的影响规律。【结论与展望】提出大功率高性能压电陶瓷的开发和设计思路，认为组分设计和工艺优化是设计高功率压电陶瓷的重要途径之一。
关键词： 大功率压电器件；机电耦合性能；钙钛矿；压电陶瓷
Abstract
Significance High-power piezoelectric devices， operating under harsh conditions such as high voltage and large currents， have attracted significant scientific and technological interest in recent years. The main component of high-power devices is piezoelectric ceramics. However， these ceramics face significant challenges during operation. For instance， domain switching under alternating electric fields generates intense mechanical vibrations， which can lead to cracks in piezoelectric ceramics due to their low tensile strength. Additionally， significant thermal dissipation occurs due to electrical and mechanical losses， leading to a temperature rise in the components. This combination of mechanical stress and thermal effects severely degrades the electrical performance and service life of piezoelectric devices. To address these challenges， developing piezoelectric ceramics with a high electromechanical coupling coefficient， a large piezoelectric coefficient， a high quality factor， an elevated Curie temperature， and low dielectric loss is essential for the practical application and advancement of high-power piezoelectric devices.
Progress The electromechanical coupling coefficient， piezoelectric coefficient， quality factor， Curie temperature， thermal stability， dielectric constant， and dielectric loss are key performance parameters for high-power piezoelectric ceramics. In this paper， the effects of element doping， component design， and preparation technology on the electrical properties of piezoelectric ceramics are systematically analyzed. Element doping plays a crucial role in optimizing piezoelectric performance. Donor doping， for example， improves the electromechanical coupling coefficient， piezoelectric coefficient， and dielectric constant. However， it also increases dielectric loss and significantly reduces the quality factor. In contrast， acceptor doping has the opposite effect， reducing dielectric loss and improving the quality factor but often at the expense of other electrical properties. To address these trade-offs， co-doping with both donors and acceptors has emerged as a promising strategy in recent years to achieve a more balanced improvement in overall electrical properties. Advancements in preparation technology have further expanded the potential of high-power piezoelectric ceramics. Advanced fabrication techniques， such as sintering aids， optimization of sintering atmospheres， texturing processes， and refined sintering methods， have significantly enhanced the properties of piezoelectric ceramics. In this study， lead-based （including PbZrTiO3-based and BiScO3-PbTiO3-based） and lead-free （including BiFeO3-BaTiO3-based and （K， Na）NbO3-based） piezoelectric ceramic systems for high-power piezoelectric devices are reviewed. The latest studies on element doping， component design， and preparation techniques for these systems are systematically summarized， providing insights into their development for high-power piezoelectric devices.
Conclusions and Prospects With the extensive application of high-power devices such as ultrasonic transducers， piezoelectric transformers， ceramic filters， and piezoelectric ultrasonic motors in military and high-tech fields， high-power and high-perform-ance piezoelectric ceramics have shown significant commercial market potential. At the same time， higher demands are being placed on the quality factor （Qm value）， loss characteristics， and properties of piezoelectric ceramics. High-power piezoelectric ceramics face two major challenges. First， there is often a trade-off relationship between the mechanical quality factor （Qm）， piezoelectric coefficient （d33）， electromechanical coupling coefficient （kp）， and Curie temperature （TC）， making it difficult to enhance them simultaneously. Second， the temperature stability of piezoelectric properties in practical applications requires urgent improvement. To address these challenges， researchers have focused on two primary strategies： regulating phase structures through doping and employing advanced fabrication techniques， such as texturing. These approaches are effective in enhancing their overall performance and play a crucial role in developing high-power lead-free piezoelectric ceramics. It is concluded that composition design and process optimization are critical elements for designing high-power piezoelectric ceramics.
Keywords： high⁃power piezoelectric devices；electromechanical performance；perovskite；piezoelectric ceramic
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