卢子臣，刘丹婷，王磊. 聚合物-混凝土复合材料研究进展［J］. 中国粉体技术，2025，31（4）：1-12.
LU Zichen， LIU Danting， WANG Lei. Research progress on concrete-polymer composites［J］. China Powder Science and Technology，2025，31（4）：1−12.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.04.003
收稿日期：2024-10-01，修回日期：2025-04-19，上线日期：2025-06-06。
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52208282；非金属材料创新中心创新基金项目，编号：2023TDA6-2；山西省万荣县2023年科技计划项目，编号： kz0050020231876。
第一作者简介：卢子臣（1987—），男，副教授，博士，上海市海外高层次人才引进计划入选者，博士生导师，研究方向为新型混凝土外加剂、水泥基材料水化与流变、水泥基材料早期功能调控等。E-mail：luzc@tongji. edu. cn。
摘要：【目的】 聚合物作为一种在水泥基材料中广泛应用的有机外加剂，能显著改善混凝土各方面性能。探讨聚合物对混凝土工作性、力学性能及耐久性的影响规律及作用机制，能够更好地指导聚合物在混凝土中的应用。【研究现状】 综述聚合物-混凝土复合材料的种类及性能特点，分别介绍聚合物混凝土、聚合物浸渍混凝土和聚合物改性混凝土以及其他3类新型聚合物混凝土复合材料；从工作性、力学性能和耐久性3个方面的表现分析聚合物对聚合物-混凝土复合材料性能影响及作用机制。【结论与展望】聚合物混凝土和聚合物浸渍混凝土在力学性能和耐久性方面显示出较大优势，但高成本和复杂制备工艺限制了其大规模应用；聚合物改性混凝土虽然成本较低且应用广泛，但抗压强度随聚合物掺量的增大而下降，须通过优化骨料配比和养护条件平衡性能；新型聚合物-混凝土材料如单体原位聚合混凝土（强度高但反应难控）、纤维增强基材（延展性好但掺量敏感）、废旧塑料-橡胶混凝土（环保但强度低）各有潜力与挑战。未来需重点突破界面作用机制解析、低成本工艺及环保材料开发等瓶颈。
关键词：聚合物-混凝土复合材料；水泥基材料；作用机制
Significance Concrete, a dominant construction material, often fails to achieve its designed service life and mechanical strength due to its inherent brittleness, high porosity, and susceptibility to various environmental stressors such as freeze-thaw cycles, chemical attacks, and moisture ingress. These constraints have driven continuous research on improving its durability and performance. Among various modification techniques, the incorporation of polymers into cement-based materials has emerged as a promising solution. Polymers, serving as organic additives, can significantly enhance concrete’s flexibility, bonding properties, and resistance to cracking and degradation. The potential of polymers to improve the mechanical behavior and durability of concrete has attracted increasing interest from both scientific and engineering communities. Polymer-modified concrete systems are being explored for a wide range of applications, including infrastructure development, road and bridge construction, marine structures, and the rehabilitation and repair of aging facilities. A comprehensive understanding of how polymers affect the rheology, strength development, and long-term performance of concrete is essential for optimizing their use and maximizing their potential in sustainable construction.
Progress This paper comprehensively reviews the classification, preparation, and performance characteristics of concrete-polymer composites. It begins by categorizing polymer-concrete systems into four major types： polymer concrete (PC), polymer-impregnated concrete (PIC), polymer-modified concrete (PMC), and newly developed polymer-based composites. Each type exhibits unique features in terms of composition, preparation methods, and applications. For instance, PC is a composite where polymer resin entirely replaces traditional cement as the binder, achieving superior strength and chemical resistance. PIC involves the impregnation of hardened concrete with monomers that are then polymerized, enhancing impermeability and durability. PMC, the most widely used in practical applications, combines polymers with conventional cement paste to improve the overall performance at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, the paper examines how polymers influence workability, hydration behavior, mechanical properties, and durability.
Conclusions and Prospects Research findings indicate that both PC and PIC systems provide exceptional mechanical and durability performance. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by challenges such as elevated material costs, energy-intensive curing requirements, and complex fabrication techniques. In comparison, PMC offers a more viable solution for real-world applications due to its ease of implementation and cost-effectiveness. In addition to traditional systems, this review explores the potential of next-generation concrete-polymer composites. These encompass in-situ polymerized systems that achieve high strength but face challenges in reaction control, fiber-reinforced polymer composites that offer excellent toughness but are susceptible to fiber dispersion and dosage, and sustainable alternatives like waste plastic or rubber-modified concrete, which provide environmental benefits but are constrained by limitations in structural performance. Future research should prioritize addressing the interfacial interactions between polymers and cement hydrates, a critical factor influencing the composite’s overall behavior. Moreover, innovation in eco-friendly and recyclable polymer materials is essential for advancing green and sustainable construction. Through interdisciplinary approaches that integrate material science, chemistry, and structural engineering, concrete-polymer composites can be further developed to meet the evolving demands of contemporary infrastructure.
Keywords：concrete-polymer composites; cementitious materials; mechanism
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