闫良国¹ ，任丽瑶¹ ，于 欢² ，苑芳惠³ ，谭 心⁴ ，操玲玲¹ ，于子函¹ ，宋 雯¹

1. 济南大学 水利与环境学院，山东 济南 250022；2. 山东省工程咨询院，山东 济南 250013；

3. 日照市政务服务中心，山东 日照 276800；4. 山东省资源环境建设集团有限公司，山东 济南 250100

引用格式：

闫良国，任丽瑶，于欢，等. 硅藻土复合催化材料在有机污水治理中的应用［J］. 中国粉体技术，2025，31（4）：1-12.

YAN Liangguo， REN Liyao， YU Huan， et al. Application of diatomite composite catalytic materials in organic wastewater treatment［J］. China Powder Science and Technology，2025，31（4）：1−12.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.04.011

收稿日期：2024-01-01，修回日期：2024-02-15，上线日期：2025-05-19。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52000087；山东省自然科学基金项目，编号： ZR2020QE229。

第一作者简介：闫良国（1971—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师，研究方向为水污染控制技术、环境功能材料。E-mail：chm_yanlg@ujn.edu. cn。

通信作者简介：宋雯（1990—），女，讲师，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为环境功能材料。E-mail：stu_songw@ujn. edu. cn。

摘要：【目的】 开展硅藻土复合催化材料在光催化和过硫酸盐催化技术中的应用研究，实现水体中难降解有机物的高效去除，解决日益严重的有机水污染问题。【研究现状】 综述硅藻土的物理、化学性质；概况硅藻土复合催化材料在光催化工艺中的应用，包括使用硅藻土作为载体来负载二氧化钛、类石墨相氮化碳、金属化合物和铋基材料等半导体材料，以及硅藻土复合催化材料在过硫酸盐催化工艺中的应用，包括使用硅藻土作为载体负载钴基、铁基、锰基金属；总结硅藻土复合催化材料对有机染料、农药、内分泌干扰物等有机污染物的降解效果与作用机制。【结论与展望】提出应进一步探索硅藻土复合催化材料的改性方法，优化材料结构与性能，扩大材料在水环境治理中的应用范围；认为应加强硅藻土复合催化材料与其他环境治理技术的结合，为水环境污染治理提供更为全面和高效的解决方案。

关键词：硅藻土；有机污染物；光催化；过硫酸盐

Abstract

Significance Advanced oxidation technology has garnered significant scientific and technological interest due to its excellent physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, making it highly promising for applications in water and air pollution treatment. Specifically, photocatalysis and persulfate activation catalysis stand out as highly effective methods for addressing environmental challenges, such as heavy metal ion removal, organic wastewater purification, and degradation of harmful airborne organic compounds. These techniques are widely recognized for their simplicity, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. However, despite these advantages, limitations remain, such as easy aggregation and instability of catalysts, which hinders the optimization of oxidation processes, driving the exploration of alternative catalytic materials. Among all the candidates, diatomite-based composites have emerged as a popular choice for catalyst substrates. Derived from natural minerals, diatomite composites demonstrate excellent stability, high specific surface area, and superior chemical activity, making them a research hotspot in organic wastewater treatment over the past decade. These properties also position them as a transformative solution for enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of water treatment processes.

Progress In photocatalysis and persulfate activation, various modification methods have been employed to optimize the structure and properties of diatomite composite catalysts. In photocatalysis, diatomite composites typically incorporate bismuth-based semiconductors, TiO₂, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), and metal compounds, synergistically enhancing photocatalytic performance. In persulfate activation, diatomite composites primarily serve as a support for metal bases, including cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and cerium (Ce). As a photocatalytic material, diatomite forms an adsorption-photocatalytic collaborative system, providing abundant active sites, enhancing light absorption, and improving photocatalytic efficiency by inhibiting electron-hole recombination. As a carrier for bimetallic persulfate activation, diatomite synergizes with various transition metals, preventing metal ion agglomeration and leaching. Its unique interconnected porous structure and oxygen vacancies ensure low charge transport resistance, while creating numerous exposed edges and sharp corners. This structural arrangement significantly expands the material's accessible spaces and increases the number of active edge sites. Additionally, its open diffusion channels and abundant hydroxyl groups reduce the migration distance of reactive oxygen species (ROS), enhancing organic pollutant degradation efficiency. Diatomite composites exhibit remarkable degradation performance for various organic pollutants, including dyes, pesticides, antibiotics, and endocrine disruptors, achieving degradation rates of over 80%. Moreover, these composites demonstrate excellent recyclability and stability, making them highly suitable for practical applications. Their unique properties also facilitate their separation and recovery from treated water, ensuring sustainability and cost-effectiveness.

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