DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.04.016

摘要： 【目的】 针对冶金用白云岩矿区周边土壤重金属污染问题，实施有效措施以降低土壤中重金属含量。【方法】 针对山东省安丘市石埠子镇冶金用白云岩尾矿采空区周边土壤重金属镉（Cd）污染修复需求，结合木质素磺酸钠改性褐煤腐殖酸、 矿物改性褐煤腐殖酸、壳聚糖改性褐煤腐殖酸、 生物炭改性褐煤腐殖酸等4种土壤改良剂制备，分析测试改性腐殖酸对Cd形态的影响，筛选2种效果最好的土壤改良剂种植忍冬。【结果】 4种土壤改良剂的外表特征符合制备特点，且会明显增加土壤内重金属Cd的残渣态含量，降低其他具有生物有效性的重金属Cd形态。在土壤重金属Cd的综合治理中，结合重金属Cd超累积植物忍冬的种植，与木质素磺酸钠改性褐煤腐殖酸和生物炭改性褐煤腐殖酸的综合施治，会明显改变土壤金属形态，且土壤中Cd质量分数降低明显（p<0.05）。【结论】 经过改良的腐殖酸土壤改良剂与超富集植物相结合的综合治理策略展现出显著的成效，能够在治理周期为60 d内对目标区域土壤中的Cd等重金属污染实现高效的去除效果。

关键词： 冶金用白云岩尾矿； 重金属污染； 褐煤腐殖酸； 土壤改良剂； 生态修复

Abstract

Objective The study primarily aims to implement effective and sustainable measures for the remediation of heavy metal pollution. As heavy metal pollution in soil， especially around mining areas， become increasingly severe， it is critical to adopt comprehensive and effective measures that significantly reduce heavy metal concentration in soil.

Methods The study addressed the specific challenges of cadmium （Cd） pollution in agricultural soil surrounding the tailings goaf of a mining facility in Shibuzi Town， Anqiu City， Shandong Province， China.To mitigate Cd contamination，the study developed four tailored soil amendments：sodium lignosulfonate-modified lignite humic acid， mineral-modified lignite humic acid， chitosan-modified lignite humicacid， and biochar-modified lignite humic acid.These amendments were designed to enhance soil properties and immobilize heavy metals， particularly cadmium. Using advanced analytical techniques， the impact of these modified humic acids on cadmium in the contaminated soil was systematically investigated.Laboratory experiments were conducted over an extended period to monitor changes in chemical speciation， providing a comprehensive understanding of theinteractions between soil amendments and cadmium.Furthermore， the studyanalyzed thephysicochemical properties of the soil before and after adding amendments， ensuring a thorough evaluation of their effectiveness. Based on the performance metrics from these tests， two of the most effective soil amendments were selected for further study and potential large-scale field application.

Results and Discussion The external morphologies of the four amendments closely matched their respective preparation methods， exhibiting advantageous physicochemical properties that enhanced soil quality. Notably， these amendments significantly increased the residual cadmium content in the treated soil， while reducing the bioavailable forms. In addition to the amendments， agronomic methods using hyperaccumulator plants， such as L. japonicaThunb.， were employed alongside strategic applications of sodium lignosulfonate-modified lignite humic acid and biochar-modified lignite humic acid. These interventions led to a substantial shiftin cadmium species within the amended soil， leading to a statistically significant reduction （p< 0.05） in cadmiumconcentrations. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate amendments tailored to specific soil conditions.These selected amendments demonstrated a significant reduction in cadmium bioavailability， offering a promising solution for the restoration of Cd-contaminated agricultural soil in the region.

Conclusion This integrated approach achieved highly efficient removal of heavy metals， particularly cadmium （Cd）， from contaminated soil. The efficacy of this method demonstrates its potential as a robust solution for mitigating soil heavy metal pollution. The research results contribute significantly to the field of soil remediation，providing technical support for developing more effective and sustainable remediation techniques. The integration of advanced humic acid-based soil amendments with hyperaccumulator plants brings an efficient approach to mitigate soil contamination. Throughout the 60-day remediation period， regular monitoring and analysis confirmed the substantial reduction in heavy metal concentrations， validating the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. In conclusion， this study presents a novel and promising integrated approach for the remediation of heavy metal pollution insoil. The results provide valuable insights and practical guidance for further development of advanced soil remediation techniques. Future studies should focus on refining this integrated approach to achieve even greater efficacy in mitigating heavy metal pollutionin contaminated soil and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability.

Keywords：metallurgical dolomite tailing； heavy metal pollution； lignite humic acid； soil amendment； ecological remediation

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