宁 廓， 李 静， 闫良国， 宋 雯

济南大学 水利与环境学院， 山东 济南 250022

引用格式：

宁廓，李静，闫良国，宋雯 . 基于光热转换和高级氧化过程进行水处理的纳米材料研究进展［J］.中国粉体技术，2025，31（3）：1-11.

NING Kuo，LI Jing，YAN Liangguo，SONG Wen. Advances in nanomaterials for water treatment based on photothermal conversion and advanced oxidation processes［J］. China Powder Science and Technology，2025，31（3）：1−11.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.03.007

收稿日期：2024-04-25， 修回日期：2024-06-28， 上线日期：2025-02-25。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目，编号：21577048。

第一作者简介：宁廓（2000—），男，硕士生，研究方向为光热蒸发协同高级氧化过程。E-mail：962561116@qq.com。

通信作者简介：闫良国（1971—），男，教授，博士，博士生导师，研究方向为环境功能材料与水处理技术。E-mail：chm_yanlg@ujn.edu.cn。

摘要：【目的】结合光热转换和高级氧化过程，寻求一种可持续、环保、低碳的水处理方案，解决水污染和水资源短缺问题。【进展】首先概述基于光热转换过程的金属、碳和半导体 3类纳米材料，然后概述基于高级氧化过程的光催化、芬顿和类芬顿反应、电催化、活化过硫酸盐4类纳米材料；最后着重综述基于光热转换-高级氧化过程的金属氧化物、金属有机框架和其他复合纳米材料3类纳米材料，指出该类材料通过提供催化活性位点、增强光热效应、参与电子传递等多种途径实现光热转换-高级氧化过程；介绍各种复合纳米材料的制备方法、蒸发速率、光热转换效率以及对有机污染物的降解效率，研究纳米复合材料在净化水体、降解水中有机污染物中的工作机制。【前景】基于光热转换-高级氧化过程的纳米复合材料中可同时兼顾水资源短缺和水污染问题，提高了水处理效率。

关键词： 纳米材料；光热转换过程；高级氧化过程；水处理

Abstract

Significance Photothermal conversion is a novel water treatment technology developed in recent years. It utilizes photothermal materials to convert solar energy into thermal energy for efficient water evaporation. If wastewater contains non-degradable or toxic organic compounds，advanced oxidation processes can degrade organic pollutants by generating highly oxidative free radicals or non-radical species. Combining photothermal conversion with advanced oxidation processes can leverage both their advantages，achieving water evaporation and degradation of pollutants simultaneously.Nanomaterials，with their unique physical，chemical，and nanoscale properties，can serve as catalysts，adsorbents，or carriers in water treatment methods，including advanced oxidation processes，adsorptive coagulation techniques，and biological water treatment systems，providing new materials to address water scarcity and pollution.

Progress Nanomaterials based on photothermal conversion processes primarily include metal（gold，silver，aluminum，copper，palladium，etc.）nanomaterials，carbon nanomaterials（carbon nanotubes，GO，rGO，etc.），and semiconductor nanomaterials （TiO₂，Ti₂O₃，MoS₂，Fe₃O₄，etc.）.Additionally，ceramics，nitrides，and organic polymers such as polypyrrole are also commonly used as photothermal conversion materials. Nanomaterials based on advanced oxidation processes mainly include photocatalytic materials（TiO₂，ZnO，CdS，BN，etc.）， Fenton and Fenton-like reaction materials（Fe₃O₄，Fe₂O₃，FeO，etc.），electrocatalytic materials（MnO₂，PbO₂，MoS₂， CoS₂，TiN，graphene，carbon nanotubes），and activated persulfate materials. Nanomaterials with both photothermal conversion and catalytic capabilities include metal oxides（TiO₂，ZnO，Fe₂O₃，CuO），metalorganic framework（MOFs），and composite nanomaterials.

Conclusions and Prospects Photothermal conversion nanomaterials，due to their nanoscale size，large surface area，and strong light absorption capabilities，can achieve efficient photothermal conversion，significantly enhancing water evaporation rate and making water treatment more efficient.The photothermal process has broad applications in seawater desalination， wastewater treatment，power generation，agricultural irrigation， and sterilization.Nanomaterials based on advanced oxidation processes function as catalysts with large surface area and numerous active sites，facilitating the generation of highly reactive radicals（·OH，SO₄^·-，and ∙O₂^-）and non-radical species（¹O₂），thereby capable of decomposing complex organic pollutants into carbon dioxide，water，and harmless or low-toxic intermediates. Nanomaterials based on the photothermal conversion-advanced oxidation process can absorb solar energy and convert it into thermal energy for photothermal conversion，heating molecules to the state of evaporation. It also can serve as catalysts to generate active substances with strong oxidative capacities that disrupt pollutant chemical structures. Moreover，using sunlight and heat generated by the photothermal process can enhance the degradation of pollutants，reducing the energy and costs required for wastewater treatment. Further studies can focus on the development of high-performance nanomaterials，such as improving the stability of MOFs and reducing the use of toxic metal ions to lower potential secondary pollution risks. It is necessary to design more systems based on the photothermal evaporation-advanced oxidation process，such as evaporators，photothermal collection systems， advanced oxidation reactors，etc.，to improve the continuous operation capability of systems and explore new application areas.

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