1. 中国科学院过程工程研究所 介科学与工程全国重点实验室,北京 100190;2. 北京工业大学 材料科学与工程学院,北京100124;3. 石河子大学 化学化工学院,新疆 石河子 832003;4. 中铝环保节能集团有限公司,河北 雄安 050004
潘锋,尚慧俊,黎亨利,等. 纳米或超细WC-Co粉体制备过程强化研究进展[J]. 中国粉体技术,2025,31(1):1-11.
PAN Feng, SHANG Huijun, LI Hengli, et al. Research progress on enhanced preparation process of nano or ultra-fine WC-Co powder[J]. China Powder Science and Technology,2025,31(1):1−11.
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2025.01.004
收稿日期:2024-06-28,修回日期:2024-10-09,上线日期:2024-10-18。
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目,编号:22078326、21878305。
第一作者简介:潘锋(1981—),男,工学博士,副研究员,硕士生导师,主要从事流态化及过程强化、超细粉体制备及应用等方面的研究。E-mail: fpan@ipe. ac. cn。
摘要:【目的】以纳米或超细碳化钨钴WC-Co粉体为热喷涂原料,可有效解决机械零件的磨损和腐蚀问题,因此,本文主要对其制备过程强化的研究进展进行总结和分析。【研究现状】根据制备过程强化的方式和手段,归纳纳米或超细WC-Co的不同制备方法,剖析其反应路径,并分析总结钴Co在纳米或超细WC-Co粉体制备过程中的作用。纳米或超细WC-Co粉体制备过程的强化技术,主要包括机械作用力强化、原子或分子水平强化和采用气相碳源强化;制备过程的反应路径主要包括还原和碳化 2个阶段,主要存在 3种路径:碳化过程中形成碳化钨 WC和 η物相; WO3先被还原成钨W,再形成 η物相,最后进一步被碳化形成 WC-Co。还原碳化过程中不经历形成 η物相的过程。Co在纳米或超细 WC-Co粉体制备过程中具有催化、促进碳化、降低碳化温度和减小产物粒径的作用。【结论与展望】纳米或超细 WC-Co粉体的制备与应用可从以下几个方面展开:进一步揭示WC-Co粉体强化制备过程的机制、 Co-W-C的相互作用机制;缺碳η相在制备过程中的作用尚不清楚,其在制备过程中对 W、 Co、 C扩散的影响机制有待进一步分析;利用流体模拟软件模拟反应过程中的传热传质规律,建立反应动力学模型;采用强化制备手段得到复合粉体的热喷涂性能有待进一步研究。
关键词:硬质合金涂层;纳米或超细WC–Co;技术进展;反应路径
Significance Using nano or ultra-fine tungsten carbide cobalt (WC-Co) powder as thermal spray material can effectively solve the wear and corrosion problems in mechanical parts. This paper summarizes and analyzes the research progress on enhancing the preparation process of such powders.
Progress Based on various enhancement methods and approaches, different preparation methods of nano or ultra-fine WC-Co powder are reviewed, and their reaction paths are analyzed. The role of cobalt (Co) in the preparation process of nano or ultrafine WC-Co powder is also discussed. Enhancement technologies for the preparation process mainly include mechanical force enhancement, atomic or molecular-level enhancement, and gas-phase carbon source enhancement. The reaction paths during the preparation process mainly involves two stages: reduction and carbonization. There are three paths:(1) tungsten carbide (WC) and η-phase are formed during carbonization;(2) tungsten trioxide (WO3) is first reduced to tungsten (W), then the η-phase is formed, followed by further carbonization to form WC-Co;(3) the reduction and carbonization process occurs without the formation of the η-phase. During the preparation of nano or ultra-fine WC-Co powder, Co plays the roles of catalysis, promoting carbonization, reducing the carbonization temperature, and decreasing the particle size of the product.
Conclusions and Prospects The preparation and application of nano or ultra-fine WC-Co powder can be further developed in the following areas. The mechanisms of the enhancement process in WC-Co powder preparation and the interaction mechanisms of Co-W-C should be further elucidated. The role of carbon-deficient η-phase in the preparation process remains unclear, and its impact on the diffusion mechanisms of W, Co, and C during preparation needs further analysis. By clarifying these mechanisms, the optimization of the preparation process can be guided, allowing for the control of the free carbon mass content within 0. 2%, and the production of composite powder with particle sizes under 100 nm. Moreover, the heat and mass transfer laws during the reaction process should be further examined. Using fluid simulation software, the heat and mass transfer processes between carbonized gas and solid raw materials in the reaction process can be simulated and analyzed, providing a basis for studying the reaction process mechanisms, optimizing the preparation process, and designing scalable reactors. The thermal spraying properties of composite powders also need to be further studied. It is necessary to apply the ultra-fine WC-Co powder prepared by relevant technical routes to the surface treatment of mechanical parts, testing the wear and corrosion resistance of the resulting coating, and using this performance data to refine the preparation process.
Keywords:cemented carbide coating; nano or ultra-fine WC-Co; technological progress; reaction paths
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