李红军，孙文杰，张 弛，张成俊，杜 玮，陈 伟^*

1. 武汉纺织大学 机械工程与自动化学院，湖北 武汉 430200；2. 工业雷管智能装配湖北省工程研究中心，湖北 武汉 430200

引用格式：

李红军，孙文杰，张弛，等. 基于DEM数值模拟的三种匀盘结构玉米种子丸粒化研究［J］. 中国粉体技术，2024，30（6）：1-13.

LI Hongjun， SUN Wenjie， ZHANG Chi， et al. Study on pelletization of corn seeds with three uniform plate structures based on DEM numerical simulation［J］. China Powder Science and Technology，2024，30（6）：1−13.

DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2024.06.001

收稿日期：2024-03-27，修回日期：2024-09-14，上线日期：2024-00-00。

基金项目：类型：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：52108221；湖北省科技创新人才计划项目，编号：2023DJC075。

第一作者简介：李红军（1973—），男，硕士，教授，研究方向为网络激光控制技术、特种高危智能装备以及图像处理。E-mail：lhj@wtu.edu. cn。

通信作者简介：陈伟（1987—），男，硕士，讲师，研究方向为机械制造和特种装备。E-mail： wchen@wtu. edu. cn。

摘要：【目的】 解决种子丸粒包衣质量不高、种粉间混合均匀度差的问题。【方法】 分析三种匀盘结构的丸粒化机理，模拟玉米种子丸粒化过程；基于离散元软件EDEM建立玉米种子丸粒化的仿真模型，将离散系数作为评价指标研究3种

匀盘结构的转速、振动频率、振动幅度对种粉间混合均匀度的影响；通过 Design-Expert软件建立玉米种子离散系数的二阶回归方程进行方差分析。【结果】 3种匀盘结构的最优工艺参数组合分别为：匀盘Ⅰ（转速为 50 rpm、振动频率为10 Hz、振动幅度为6 mm）；匀盘Ⅱ（转速为60 rpm、振动频率为15 Hz、振动幅度为6 mm）；匀盘Ⅲ（转速为70 rpm、振动频率为20 Hz、振动幅度为8 mm）。【结论】 匀盘Ⅰ在转速为56.3 rpm、振动频率为11.5 Hz、振动幅度为5.8 mm时，玉米种子丸粒化效果最优，为玉米种子包衣技术提供理论依据。

Abstract

Objective To solve the problems of low coating quality and poor mixing uniformity of seed powder in the pelletization process of corn seeds.

Methods Based on the existing pelletization research， three plate structures were designed to achieve an optimal mixing efficiency by changing the contact area between the plate structure and seed powder. The study analyzed the pelletization mechanism of the three structures and simulated their pelletization process of corn seeds. A particle-filling method was adopted to make the model closer to the shape of actual corn seeds. To reduce simulation time， the number of corn seed filling particles was reduced to 33. A simulation model of the corn seed pelletization process was established using the discrete element software（DEM） software EDEM， and the Hertz-Mindlin with Johnson-Kendall-Roberts （JKR） contact model was used to describe the bonding behavior between particles. The mixed motion of the three plate structures at the early， middle， and late stages of the simulation was compared and analyzed. The effects of rotational speed， vibration frequency， and vibration amplitude on seed and powder mixing uniformity were studied using the dispersion coefficient as the evaluation index. The coating quality was evaluated based on the coordination number of the seeds， which represented the number of surrounding particles. A higher coordination number indicated better coating quality. The quadratic regression equation for corn seed dispersion coefficient was established using Design-Expert software for variance analysis. Rotational speed， vibration frequency， and vibration amplitude of uniform plate I were set at 50 rpm，10 Hz and 6 mm respectively. Using these test factors，17 sets of simulation tests were performed， and the resulting discrete coefficients were analyzed.

Results and Discussion The results showed that the critical conditions for plate speed were related to the structure， diameter，and edge angle of the plate， all of which affected the coating quality. At the initial stage of pelletization， the seed powder was subjected to centrifugal force and collided with the wall of the coating pan. At the middle stage， the seed powder underwent circular motion driven by centrifugal force， reciprocating up-and-down motion due to plate vibration， particle collisions， and radial diffusion along the pan. At the final stage， particles experienced free fall and circular movement along the wall under centrifugal force. The mixing uniformity was influenced by rotational speed， vibration frequency， and vibration amplitude. If either of them was too low， the mixing effect would be poor. If the speed was too quick， the effect would be worse. Also， excessive vibration frequency and amplitude would cause seed powder to be thrown out of the pan. In some cases， the interaction between seeds and powder was weak due to their insufficient contact and inappropriate collision force， leading to incomplete and high dispersion coefficient. The optimal process parameters for rotational speed， vibration frequency， and vibration amplitude of the three plate structures were：（1） Plate I：50 rpm，10 Hz， and 6 mm；（2） Plate II：60 rpm，15 Hz， and 6 mm；（3） Plate III：70 rpm，20 Hz， and 8 mm. Using Design-Expert software， variance analysis on the quadratic regression equation showed that plate speed and vibration frequency significantly impacted mixing uniformity， while vibration amplitude had no significant effect.

Conclusion The study highlights that adjusting the contact area between the plate structure and seed powder significantly affects mixing uniformity. The particle-filling method tailored for irregular seed shapes reduces the simulation time while accurately approximating real particle behavior. The quadratic regression equation for corn seed dispersion coefficient provides a good fit with a corrected determination coefficient of 0. 95， indicating strong reliability. The lowest dispersion coefficient and the best mixing effect are achieved with plate I rotational speed of 56. 3 rpm， vibration frequency of 11. 5 Hz， and vibration amplitude of 5. 8 mm. The research results can provide references for the design of small particle granulators and the optimization of pelletization process parameters.

Keywords：pelletization； discrete elements； coating； small particle size

参考文献（References）

［1］UTOMO H S， WENEFRIDA I， LIPSCOMBE S D. Use of an airplane and simulated aerial planting to evaluate seed coating，seed pelletization， and seeding rate on smooth cordgrass vegetation［J］. Ecological Restoration，2016，34（11）：10-14.

［2］DALSASSO S F， PIZARRO A， MANFREDA S. Metrics for the quantification of seeding characteristics to enhance image velocimetry performance in rivers［J］. Remote Sensing，2020，12（11）：1789.

［3］ZENG D， LUO X， TU R. Application of bioactive coatings based on chitosan for soybean seed protection［J］. International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry，2012，11（12）：22-43.

［4］GE J T， GAN D F. MENG S C. Research status of seed coating and the need to implement good agricultural practices［J］.Seed，2016，35（2）：45-49．

［5］BAREKATAIN M R， WU S B， TOGHYANI M， et al. Effects of grinding and pelleting condition on efficiency of full-fat canola seed for replacing supplemental oil in broiler chicken diets［J］. Animal Feed Science and Technology，2015，207：140-149.

［6］SIKHAO P， TAYLOR A G， MARINO E T. Development of seed agglomeration technology using lettuce and tomato as model vegetable crop seeds［J］. Scientia horticulturae，2015，184：85-92.

［7］刘俏. 大豆种子包衣机种药混合装置的优化设计与试验研究［D］. 哈尔滨：东北农业大学，2020.

LIU Q. Optimal design and experimental study of seed drug mixing device of soybean seed coating machine［D］. Harbin：Northeast Agricultural University，2020.

［8］TAMILSELVI P， MANOHAR J D. A study on physical properties of pelleted carrot seeds［J］. Advances in Life Sciences，2016，5（4）：1220-1224.

［9］PASHA， MEHRDAD， HARE， COLIN， GHADIRI， MOJTABA， et al. Inter-particle coating variability in a rotary batch seed coater［J］. Chemical Engineering Research & Design： Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers，2017，12092-101.

［10］李永祥，李飞翔，徐雪萌. 基于颗粒缩放的小麦粉离散元参数标定［J］. 农业工程学报，2019，35（16）：320-327.

LI Y X， LI F X， XU X M. Calibration of wheat flour discrete element parameters based on particle scaling［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering，2019，35（16）：320-327.

［11］胡志超，田立佳，王海鸥. 种子丸粒化设备的研制及丸化工艺的研究［J］. 农机化研究，2008（3）：95-97，101.

HU Z C， TIAN L J， WANG H O. Development of seed pelletization equipment and research on pelletization process［J］.Agricultural Mechanization Research，2008（3）：95-97，101.

［12］邵志威，陈智，侯占峰. 振动力场作用下牧草种子丸粒化包衣机试验研究［J］. 农机化研究，2018，40（8）：124-128.

SHAO Z W， CHEN Z， HOU Z F. Experimental study of forage seed pellet granulation coating machine under the action of vibration force field［J］. Agricultural Mechanization Research，2018，40（8）：124-128.

［13］赵永志，张宪旗，刘延雷. 滚筒内非等粒径二元颗粒体系增混机理研究［J］. 物理学报，2009，58（12）：8386-8393.

ZHAO Y Z， ZHANG X Q， LIU Y L. Study on the mixing mechanism of non-equal particle size binary particle system in the drum［J］. Acta Physica Sinica，2009，58（12）：8386-8393.

［14］TANG T Q， HE Y R， REN A X， et al. Experimental study and DEM numerical simulation of dry wet particle flow behaviors in a spouted bed［J］. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research，2019，58（33）：15353-15367.

［15］MUGURUMA Y， TANAKA T， TSUJI Y. Numerical simulation of particulate flow with liquid bridge between particles［J］.Powder Technology，2000，109（1/2/3）：49-57.

［16］SOLUTIONS D E M. EDEM 2. 6 theory reference guide［J］. Edinburgh，United Kingdom，2014.

［17］韩伟，王绍宗，张倩，等. 基于JKR接触模型的微米级颗粒离散元参数标定［J］. 中国粉体技术，2021，27（6）：60-69.

HAN W， WANG S Z， ZHANG Q， et al. Micron-scale particle discrete element parameter calibration based on the JKR contact model［J］. Chinese Powder Technology，2021，27（6）：60-69.

［18］刘强，许令峰，刘贤喜. 基于离散元的胡萝卜机械拔取动态行为研究［J］. 中国农机化学报，2018，39（6）：61-65.

LIU Q， XU L F， LIU X X. Dynamic behavior of carrot mechanical extraction based on discrete elements［J］. Chinese Journal of Agricultural Mechanization，2018，39（6）：61-65.

［19］DAI N， HOU Z， QIU Y. Numerical simulation and experiment of vibration pelletizer based on EDEM［J］. InmatehAgricultural Engineering，2021，63（1）：469-478.