段逸龙, 徐宇轩, 冀威, 等. BTF-NC 复合炸药的静电喷雾法制备及表征[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2024, 30(1): 114-122.
DUAN Y L, XU Y X, JI W, et al. Preparation and characterization of BTF -NC composite explosive by electrostatic spray method[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2024, 30(1): 114-122.
摘要: 【目的】为了解决苯并三氧化呋咱(benzotrioxafurazan, BTF)形貌不规则、 易形成热点、 机械感度较高的问题, 通过对 BTF 进行降感处理已达到提高 BTF 的安全性能的目的。 【方法】以 BTF 为主体炸药, 硝化棉( nitrocellulose, NC)为黏结剂, 采用静电喷雾法制备 BTF-NC 复合炸药; 通过扫描电子显微镜、 傅里叶变换红外光谱、 同步热分析和机械感度仪对 BTF-NC 复合炸药样品的形貌、 结构、 热分解性能和机械感度进行分析和测试。 【结果】BTF-NC 复合炸药的粒径为400~ 2 000 nm, 颗粒呈现出球状或类球状;BTF-NC 复合炸药中 NC 与 BTF 分子发生了键合;与原料 BTF 相比,BTF-NC复合炸药的热分解表观活化能降低了 29. 06 kJ/ mol,自加速分解温度和热爆炸临界温度分别提高了 1. 3、 4. 21 K,失质量分数为 89. 41%,特性落高从 23 cm 增大至 68. 12 cm,爆炸分数由 72%减小为 24%;原料 BTF 和 BTF-NC 复合炸药的吉布斯自由能变均为正值;原料 BTF 与 NC 的相容性等级为 1 级。 【结论】采用静电喷雾技术制得的 BTF-NC 复合炸药的热安定性、 机械感度均得到显著改善。
关键词: 苯并三氧化呋咱; 硝化棉; 复合炸药; 静电喷雾法; 热分解性能; 机械感度BTF-NC 复合炸药的静电喷雾法制备及表征
Abstract
Objective In order to address challenges associated with irregular morphology, easy formation of hot spots and high sensitivity of benzotrioxafurazan (BTF), it is necessary to reduce the sensitivity of BTF, which is crucial for improving the safety performance of BTF.
Methods BTF-NC composite explosive was prepared by electrostatic spray method employing BTF as the main explosive and nitrocellulose (NC) as the binder. The micro-morphology and structure of BTF-NC composite explosive were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal decomposition performance and mechanical sensitivity of BTF-NC composite explosive were tested by synchronous thermal analysis and mechanical sensitivity instrument.
Results and Discussion The raw material BTF exhibits a particle size ranging from 5 um to15 um, characterized by long prismatic and rough surface. The particles of BTF-NC composite explosive are spheroidal or quasi-spherical, with a particle size ranging from 500 nm to 2 000 nm. Compared with the two raw materials, the infrared spectrum of BTF-NC composite explosive reveals a certain offset in characteristic peaks, indicating the bonding of NC to BTF. At the temperature ranging from 190 ℃ to 200 ℃ ,the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve for the BTF-NC composite explosive exhibits a endothermic peak indicative of melting. Moreover, the thermal decomposition peak temperature increases with the increase of heating rate. At the heating rate is 5, 10, 20 K/ min, BTF-NC composite explosives show the maximum decomposition peak temperature of 261. 4, 268. 3, 282. 2 ℃, respectively. Notably, these temperatures are slightly lower than those observed in the raw material BTF. The thermal decomposition process of BTF-NC composite explosive shows the same trend as that of raw material BTF, indicating that the thermal decomposition mechanism of the raw material BTF is not changed by the composite process. Compared with the raw material BTF, the apparent activation energy of BTF-NC composite explosive is reduced by 29. 06 kJ/ mol, and the pre-exponential factor is also substantially diminished. The self-accelerating decomposition temperatures for BTF and BTF-NC are 525. 05 K and 526. 35 K,respectively. Moreover, the critical thermal explosion temperatures are recorded as 538. 18 K for BTF and 542. 39 K for BTF-NC, respectively. The self-accelerating decomposition temperature and thermal explosion critical temperature of BTF-NC composite explosive are increased by 1. 3 K and 4. 21 K respectively, compared with raw material BTF. The observation indicates that the addition of NC improves the thermal stability of raw material BTF. The entropy change in the BTF-NC composite explosive is significantly reduced, indicating that the coated BTF possesses reduced susceptibility to decomposition into gas during thermal decomposition. The positive value of enthalpy change , closely related to activation energy, suggests that the thermal decomposition reaction is a non-spontaneous process. According to the thermal analysis, the shift of the exothermic peak temperature of the raw material BTF and BTF-NC composite explosive is 1. 3 ℃ , accompanied by a 15. 8% alteration in activation energy. The raw material BTF has good compatibility with NC, and the compatibility grade is 1. Compared with the raw material BTF, the characteristic drop height of BTF-NC composite explosive increases from 23 cm to 68. 12 cm. Simultaneously, the explosive percentage decreases from 72% to 24%.
Conclusion The thermal stability, impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity of BTF-NC composite explosive prepared by electrostatic spray method have been significantly improved.
Keywords: benzotrioxafurazan; nitrocellulose; composite explosive; electrostatic spray method; thermal decomposition performance; mechanical sensitivity
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