刘晓妍a, 杨瑞霞a,b,c, 李晓泉a,b,c, 杨智雯a, 刘 浩a
（广西大学a. 资源环境与材料学院, b. 省部共建特色金属材料与组合结构全寿命安全国家重点实验室,c. 广西高校矿物工程重点实验室, 广西南宁530004）
引用格式：刘晓妍, 杨瑞霞, 李晓泉, 等. 微米级锌粉的爆炸危险性[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2023, 29(5): 33-39.
LIU X Y, YANG R X, LI X Q, et al. Explosion hazard of micron zinc powders[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2023, 29(5): 33-39.
DOI：10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2023.05.005
收稿日期：2023-02-15,修回日期：2023-05-27，在线出版时间：2023-07-27 13：32
基金项目：国家自然科学基金,编号:52264014;广西壮族自治区自然科学基金,编号:2020GXNSFAA297037。
第一作者简介：刘晓妍(1998—),女(壮族),硕士研究生,研究方向为粉尘爆炸。E-mail: 2115392050@st.gxu.edu.cn。
通信作者简介：杨瑞霞(1981—),女,讲师,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为粉尘爆炸、 应急管理、 材料表面工程。E-mail: rx-Yang@hotmail.com。
摘要：微米级锌粉易悬浮于空中, 形成具有爆炸危险性的粉尘云, 粉尘质量浓度一旦达到爆炸下限易发生爆炸事故。 爆炸下限随粉尘粒径减小而降低, 爆炸可能性增强。 为研究微米级锌粉爆炸危险性, 选择粒径1 μm的锌粉为研究对象, 使用20 L爆炸试验装置进行试验, 利用扫描电子显微镜观察锌粉及其爆炸产物形貌特征, 研究锌粉爆炸机制, 点火延迟时间和粉尘质量浓度对锌粉爆炸性参数的影响,确定粒径1 μm锌粉爆炸下限、 最大爆炸压力和最大爆炸压力上升速率。 结果表明: 锌粉爆炸为气相燃烧过程; 1 μm锌粉爆炸的最佳点火延迟时间为180 ms, 爆炸下限为1 500～2 000 g/m3, 锌粉质量浓度为5 000 g/m3时达到最大爆炸压力、 最大爆炸压力上升速率和最大爆炸指数, 分别为0.481 MPa、 46.67 MPa/s、 12.67 MPa·m/s; 微米级锌粉爆炸危险等级属于St1, 爆炸危险性较弱。
关键词：粉尘爆炸; 微米级锌粉; 爆炸下限; 最大爆炸压力; 最大爆炸指数
Abstract：The micron zinc powders are easily suspended in the air, forming a dust cloud with explosive risk. An explosion accident will likely occur if the dust mass concentration reaches the lower explosion limit. Also, the lower explosion limit decreases with the decreasing in dust particle size, and the possibility of explosion increases. In order to study the explosion risk of micron zinc powders, size 1 μm zinc powders were taken as the research object, the explosion mechanism was studied by observing zinc powders and explosion products while using scanning electron microscope, the influences of ignition delay time and mass concentration on the explosion parameters, and the determinations of the lowest explosion limit, maximum explosion pressure, and maximum rate of pressure rise were done by using 20 L spherical explosion test device. The results show that zinc powders explosion is gas phase combustion process and the optimal ignition delay time is 180 ms. On the condition, the lowest explosion limit is between 1 500 g/m3 and 2 000 g/m3. The maximum explosion pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise, and the maximum explosion index are 0.481 MPa, 46.67 MPa/s, and 12.67 MPa·m/s successively when mass concentration is 5 000 g/m3. The hazard class of micron zinc powders is St1 and the explosive hazard is weak.
Keywords：dust explosion; micron zinc powder; lowest explosion limit; maximum explosion pressure; maximum explosion index
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