摘要: 使用密立根方法,对尘土颗粒的带电特性进行了研究。结果表明: 尘土颗粒所带电荷的变化趋势可用一元三次多项式表示，电荷分布呈现带状区域，其所带的平均正电荷高于所带的负电荷。尘土颗粒的等效表面积和表面形貌是影响尘土带电的重要因素。环境相对湿度影响尘土颗粒的带电量，相对湿度越大，尘土带电荷越少。适当地控制机电元件运行的环境湿度,以及进行防尘处理,可以有效地降低故障率。

关键词: 尘土颗粒;电荷;电接触

Abstract: The study of characteristics of electric charge for charged dustparticles by the Millikan testing method is introduced. The result shows thatthe variation of electric charge carried by dust particles can be expressed by aformula with three orders of a single element. The distribution of electriccharge is illustrated as a band region. The amount of average positive chargecarried by particles is higher than that of negative charge. The equivalentsurface and morphology of dust particles seems to be the major factor whichinfluences the electric charge. Relative humidity of the environment also affects the amount ofelectric charge. The higher the relative humidity, the lessthe electric charge carried by the particle. Appropriately controlling the en-vironmental humidity during the operation and protecting the electric me-chanical components againf dust can effectively lower down the failure ofelectric contacts.

Keywords: dust particle; electric charge; electric contact