摘要：生物质是人类的第四大能源来源,同时也是绿色可再生资源。热解是生物质最重要的热化学转化方式,包括慢速热解和快速热解,后者是目前研究的重点,主要得到生物油产品。本文中介绍了热解原理和原料性质、温度、加热速率、停留时间及矿物质对热解的影响,综述了热解反应器的性能,并重点介绍了循环流化床和自由落下床两种反应器,讨论了热解催化剂和热解油精制方式(包括催化加氢和催化裂解),最后预测了生物质热解研究的发展趋势。

关键词： 生物质；热解；生物油；精制

Abstract: Biomass is the fourth largest source of energy for human being, and is a green renewable resource also. It is very important to develop and utilize biomass. Pyrolysis including slow pyrolysis and fast pyrolysis is one of the most important approaches of biomass thermochemical conversion. Fast pyrolysis aiming to gain tar is the focus of current research.Principle of pyrolysis was presented in detail. The effects of properties offeed, temperature, heating rate, residence time and mineral matter on pyrolysis process were discussed. The characteristics of circulating fluidized beds and free-fall reactors (typical pyrolysis reactors) were described. In addition, pyrolysis catalysts and upgrading methods of bio-oil which include catalytic hydrotreatment and catalytic cracking were discussed. The new development of biomass pyrolysis was predicted. 

Keywords: biomass; pyrolysis; bio-oil; upgrading