摘要：从全国各地具有代表性的地点收集秸秆,模拟农村使用秸秆燃料时的状态采集排放颗粒物样品,对其中的主要水溶性离子(F^-、Cl^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NO₂^-、NH₄⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺)进行离子色谱分析,并计算了秸秆燃烧排放颗粒物中水溶性组分的排放因子。结果表明,K⁺和Cl^-排放因子最高,平均分别占各类秸秆样品水溶性离子总排放因子的33.1%和43.6%,各类秸秆样品K⁺和Cl^-的平均排放因子分别为0.475 g/kg和0.625 g/kg。各类秸秆样品排放因子的平均结果对比表明,麦秸秆的排放因子最高,而玉米秸秆最低,稻谷秸秆的排放因子接近各类秸秆样品的平均结果;麦秸秆、稻谷秸秆和玉米秸秆的Cl^-排放因子大于各自的K⁺排放因子;而棉花秸秆K⁺和Cl^-的排放因子接近。

关键词： 离子色谱；秸秆燃烧；水溶性离子；排放因子

Abstract: The stalk samples were collected from representative sites around China, and the particulate samples emitted from stalk burning were collected. The primary water-soluble ions such asF^-、Cl^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NO₂^-、NH₄⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、and Ca²⁺  were analyzed using ion chromatography. The results showed that K⁺ and Cl^- had the highest emission factors, which accounted averagely 33.1% and 43.6% of the total emission factors of the water-soluble species, and the mean emission factors of K⁺ and Cl ^- for the four types of stalk were 0.475 g/kg and 0.625 g/kg respectively. Comparison of the four types of stalk showed that wheat straw had the highest emission factors in contrast to the lowest emission factors for the corn stover, while the emission factors of rice straw were close to the mean result of the four types of stalk. The emission factors of Cl^- were higher than the emission factors of ^K+ for wheat straw, rice straw and corn stover, while cotton stalk had close emission factors for K⁺ and Cl ^-. 

Keywords: ion chromatography; stalk burning; water-soluble ions; emission factor