摘要：2007年5月12～24日在汉阳陵博物馆采集土壤、大气总悬浮颗粒及风化壳样品,并对博物馆室内微气候特征进行了观测,探讨汉阳陵博物馆内空气相对湿度较高水平下(相对湿度平均值控制在98%左右)保存文物的原土及回填土壤出现酥解、返碱和风化的原因。采集的土壤样品采用X荧光光谱仪测量其37种元素组成,采用离子色谱测量11种水溶性离子和矿物组成分析;对大气总悬浮颗粒样品利用扫描电镜进行了单颗粒化学组成分析;对风化壳样品进行了11种水溶性组分和矿物组成测定。分析结果均表明,文物返碱物质和漆皮的盐类物质主要为硫酸钙颗粒。对汉阳陵博物馆内CO₂气体浓度变化和颗粒物微观特征的分析结果一致表明,看似密闭的展厅存在空气交换。推测文物返碱的可能原因是大气中的SO₂等有害气体以及颗粒物可以通过空气交换进入展厅,使大气污染物与土壤以及文物本身发生缓慢的化学反应,在文物表面形成可溶的结晶盐类物质,从而使文物受到风化作用而腐蚀。

关键词：文物；风化；微气候

Abstract：The soil,total suspended particles (TSP), and weathering salt samples were collected at the Yang Mausoleum of the Han Dynasty on May 12th and 24th,2007. Besides,the microclimate factors such as temperature and relative humidity of the indoor air were monitored simultane-ously. By comparing the water content to the relative humidity of the indoor air,it was deduced that less association between the two issue to adjust the water content of the soil by altering the humidity of the air was in vain. This was probably one of the unneglectable reasons of the weathering. To the soil and weathering salt samples, the XRF was applied to determine the elemental composition, the IC was used to analysis the ion composition and the mineral composition was detected by XRD. The microscopic characteristics and energy spectrum of the TSP samples were analyzed by the SEM-EDX analysis. By means of the comparative analysis of the results, a conclusion could be drawn that there was still air-exchange taken place through seemingly air-tight glass,and it was also infered that the main composition of the weathering matter was CaSO₄. Through comparing and analyzing the results,the possible cause of weathering was found that the SO₂ and the particulate matter spread into the hall react with the soil and the culture relics chemically.

Keywords：culture relics; weathering; microclimate