摘要：为得到实际岩体裂隙中气溶胶的穿透行为特性,为山体中存储间的选址及洞室工程防护措施的制定提供精确的数据支持,利用电子低压碰撞器对气溶胶在岩体裂隙中的穿透率进行实验测量,得到气流速度、粒径大小、裂隙长度、裂隙高度等参数对穿透率的影响。结果表明,在较低的流速下,小粒径粒子的穿透率随流速的增大稍微增大,大粒径粒子趋势不明显;随着气溶胶粒径的增大,穿透率先增大后减小,峰值在0.3～1.0μm之间;随着裂隙长度的增加,穿透率呈指数减小,且不同长度裂隙、不同粒径气溶胶粒径的穿透率减小趋势基本一致;裂隙高度的增加使气溶胶的穿透率显著增大,高为1.0 mm的裂隙中,气溶胶的穿透率更大,更接近理论结果;在常温常压下,高为0.1 mm的裂隙中,流速为5.6 m/s时,粒径为0.3μm的气溶胶在0.1 mm宽岩体裂隙中的迁移距离非常有限。粒子除了受重力沉积和扩散沉积作用,还受到碰撞效应等作用。

关键词：气溶胶；岩体裂隙；穿透率；迁移特性

Abstract：To obtain the penetration behavior of aerosol penetrated from practical petrosal cracks,the accurate data support could be provided for choosing storage location in mountain and formulating engineering protection measures of grotto.The aerosol penetration rate through the petrosal cranny was measured by electrical low-pressure impactor.The influence of aerosol penetration rate when parameters such as airflow speed,particle diameter,cranny length and height changed were obtained.The results show that in low airflow speed,penetration rate of the small diameter particles was accretion when airflow speed rise,and change tendency of big diameter particles was obscure.The penetration rate has a peak of 0.3～1.0 μm when particle diameter of the aerosol was enlarged.When cranny length accretes,the penetration rate was exponential fall.The penetration rates falling trend of different length crannies and particle diameters are basically unanimous.The penetration rate is obvious increscent when the cranny is heighten.In rock cranny of 1.0 mm,the penetration rate of aerosol is higher and closer to theoretical result.Under conditions of normal temperature and pressure,0.1 mm cranny height and 5.6 m/s flow velocity,the migration distance of 0.3 μm aerosol in 0.1 mm length petrosal cranny is very limited.The results show that the particles not only remove by means of gravitational settling and Brownian diffusion,but also deposite by impaction.

Keywords：aerosol；petrosal cranny；penetration rate；migration characteristic