摘要：应用四川省147个气象观测站1961—2010年能见度、湿度、降水、风速和温度等资料, 以海拔750 m为界分为盆地和非盆地站点, 在排除湿度、降水、大风等天气现象的条件下, 分析能见度的时空分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明:四川盆地及周边地区能见度较低, 在1530 km之间, 且其能见度呈减小趋势, 西部人烟稀少、畜牧业为主的高海拔山区的能见度较好, 平均为4050 km, 并呈增大趋势;盆地大部分地区的年平均风速是减小的, 川西高原大部分地区年平均风速都是增大的, 除了川北少部分地区, 其他地区年平均温度逐年升高;影响四川能见度的主要因素除了排放增加、特有的盆地地形和海拔外, 还与风速、温度变化有关。

关键词：能见度；四川盆地；气溶胶；气象因素

Abstract：To analyze spatial distribution characteristics of the visibility and its influencing factors, the data of visibility, humidity, precipitation, wind velocity and temperature observed at 147 stations across Sichuan Province from 1961 to 2010 were applied. All stations were divided into basin stations and non-basin stations depending on the latitude of 750 m.The influence of humidity, precipitation and strong wind were also removed. The results show that the visibility of Szechwan Basin and surrounding areas is lower, which is between 15 and 30 km, and annual average visibility is reduced. The visibility of the western where is high altitude or sparsely populated is better, which is between 40 and 50 km.The annual average visibility is increased. The annual average wind speed is reduced in most regions of Szechwan Basin, which is increased in most regions of the West Sichuan Plateau. Except few northern parts, the annual average temperature of the West Sichuan Plateau is increased. The main factors affecting visibility of Sichuan Province are the wind speed and temperature besides the emissions, the special landscape and latitude.

Keywords：visibility; Szechwan Basin; aerosol; meteorological factor