摘要：采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定2010—2011年杭州市3条典型道路两侧代表秋、冬、春、夏4个季节的细颗粒物PM2.5中22种元素的质量浓度,分析其时空分布规律、特征及来源。结果表明:道路两侧PM2.5中元素含量与道路类型关系不大,呈现夏季小、其余季节大的态势,主要污染元素为Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni;受机动车排放的影响,道路两侧PM2.5呈无机元素含量小、有机元素含量大的特征;Fe、K、Mg、Na、P、Si等土壤元素主要来自机动车行驶引起的道路扬尘;机动车污染特征元素Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd来自相同人为源;机动车污染是道路两侧土壤和灰尘中重金属的主要来源;随着机动车保有量的持续增长,道路两侧PM2.5中Pb仍维持着较高的富集水平。

关键词：道路；机动车污染；细颗粒物PM2.5；元素组成

Abstract： Fine particulate matter PM2.5 samples around three typical kinds of urban traffic roads in Hangzhou were collected from 2010 to 2011, 22 types of elements in which were determined by ICP-MS and ICP-AES preparing with microwave digestion. Exposure characteristics, variation regularity and origin of those elements in PM2.5were discussed. The results show that the contents of 22 types of elements have little relationship with the type of roads. The contents are small in summer and large in other three seasons. The pollution elements are Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni. The contents of inorganic elements in PM2.5 are small while the contents of organic ones are large. The soil elements, such as Fe, K, Mg, Na, P and Si, come from the dust caused by vehicle passing by. The elements, such as Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd, are caused by the same human source. Motor vehicle exhaust results in the heavy metals pollution of soil and dust around urban traffic roads mostly. The enrichment factor of Pb in PM2.5 keeps high in recent years along with the rapid increasing of motor vehicles amount. 

Keywords: urban roads; vehicle exhaust; fine particulate matter PM2.5; element component